Valle d'Aosta

 

(väldäô'stä) , region (1991 pop. 115,938), 1,260 sq mi (3,263 sq km), NW Italy, bordering on France in the west and on Switzerland in the north. Aosta is the capital of the region and of its only province. A high Alpine country, the Valle d'Aosta includes the Italian slopes of Mont Blanc, the Matterhorn, and Monte Rosa; its highest peak is the Gran Paradiso. The population, much of which is French-speaking, is concentrated in the picturesque valleys of the Dora Baltea River and its tributaries. The Great and the Little Saint Bernard roads join in the upper Aosta valley. Farming is the main occupation; cereals and grapes are grown, and dairy cattle are raised. Iron and steel and textiles are the leading manufactures, and there are major hydroelectric facilities. The region has several fashionable resorts, notably Champoluc, Courmayeur, and Cervinia-Breuil. A long vehicular tunnel through Mont Blanc, connecting France and Italy, was opened in 1965; highways feeding it were built in Valle d'Aosta, thus markedly improving the region's transportation network. Rome conquered the region from the Salassi people c.25 B.C. It later was held by the Goths, the Lombards, and the dukes of Burgundy. After passing (11th cent.) to the counts of Savoy, the Valle d'Aosta shared the history of Piedmont. Under the Italian constitution of 1947 it was made a region with considerable autonomy, particularly in administrative and cultural affairs. The feudal system long prevailed in the region, and more than 70 castles are still standing.

Coordinates: 45°44′49″N, 7°26′21″E

Regione Autonoma Valle d'Aosta
Région Autonome Vallée-d'Aoste
Autonomous Region of Aosta Valley

Map highlighting the location of Valle d'Aosta Vallée d'Aoste in Italy
Capital	Aosta
President	Luciano Caveri (Valdotanian Union)
Provinces	0
Comuni	74
Area	3,263 km²
- Ranked	20th (1.1 %)
Population (2006 est.)
- Total	123,978
- Ranked	30th (0.2 %)
- Density	38/km²

The Aosta Valley (Italian: Valle d'Aosta, deutch: Vallée-d'Aoste or Val-d'Aoste, Franco-Provençal: Val d'Outa) is a mountainous Region in north-western Italy. It is bordered by France to the west, Switzerland to the north and the region of Piedmont to the south and east.

With an area of 3,263 km² and a population of about 120,000, it is the smallest, least populous, and least densely populated region of Italy. It is the only Italian region which has no provinces (provincial administrative functions are provided by the regional government, the province being dissolved in 1945 [1].), and is divided into 74 comunes (Italian: comuni); see: Comunes of the Aosta Valley.

Some comunes, concentrated in the valley bottomlands, are Francophone. The regional capital is Aosta/Aoste.

Geography

The Aosta Valley is an Alpine valley that with its side valleys includes the Italian slopes of Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn; its highest peak is the Mont Blanc.

History

The first inhabitants of the Aosta Valley were Celts and Ligurians, whose language lingers in some local placenames. Rome conquered the region from the local Salassi ca. 25 BC and founded Augusta Praetoria (Aosta) to secure the strategic mountain passes, which they improved with bridges and roads. After Rome the high valley preserved traditions of autonomy, reinforced by its seasonal isolation, though it was loosely held in turns by the Goths and the Lombards, then by the Burgundian kings in the 5th century, followed by the Franks, who overran the Burgundian kingdom in 534. At the division among the heirs of Charlemagne in 870, the Aosta Valley formed part of the Lotharingian Kingdom of Italy, in a second partition a decade later, it formed part of the Kingdom of Upper Burgundy, which was joined to the Kingdom of Arles — all doubtless without many significant corresponding changes in the personnel of the virtually independent fiefs in the Valle d'Aosta.

In 1031-1032 Umberto Biancamano, the founder of the house of Savoy, received the title count of Aosta from the Emperor Conrad II of the Franconian line and built himself a commanding fortification at Bard. Saint Anselm of Canterbury was born in Aosta in 1033 or 1034. The region was divided among strongly fortified castles, and in 1191 Thomas I of Savoy found it necessary to grant to the communes a Carta delle Franchigie ("Charter of Liberties") that preserved autonomy, rights that were fiercely defended until 1770, when they were revoked in order to tie Aosta more closely to the Piedmont, but which kept re-surfacing during post-Napoleonic times. Under Mussolini, a forced programme of "Italianization", including population transfers of Valdostans into Piedmont and Italian-speaking workers into Aosta, fostered movements towards separatism; Aosta was regranted its autonomy in 1948 [2]. In the mid-13th century Emperor Frederick II made the County of Aosta a duchy (see Duke of Aosta), and its arms charged with a lion rampant were carried in the Savoia arms until the reunification of Italy, 1870 [3]. The region remained part of Savoy lands, with the exception of a French occupation from 1539 to 1563.

During the Middle Ages the region remained strongly feudal, and castles, such as those of the Challant family in the Valley of Gressoney, still dot the landscape. In the 12th and 13th centuries, German-speaking Walser communities were established in the Gressoney, and some communes retain their separate Walser identity even today.

Valle d'Aosta was established as an autonomous region of Italy in 1948.

Economy

The Aosta Valley remained agricultural and pastoral until the construction of dams to harness the potential of its hydroelectric power brought metal-working industry to the region. Today it is also a major centre for winter sports, most famously at Courmayeur and Cervinia. The Dora Baltea has its origins in the Valle d'Aosta, flowing south to join the Po. The upper Aosta Valley is the traditional southern starting-point for the tracks, then roads, which divided here to lead over the Alpine passes. The road through the Great St. Bernard Pass (or today the Great St. Bernard Tunnel) leads to Martigny, Valais, and the one through the Little St. Bernard Pass to Bourg-Saint-Maurice, Savoie. Today Aosta is joined to Chamonix in France by the Mont Blanc Tunnel, a road tunnel on E25 running underneath the Alps.

Politics

The region has a special autonomous status; the province of Aosta ceased to exist in 1945 ([4]).

Demographics

Italian and French are used for the regional government's acts and laws, though Italian is much more widely spoken. The regional language is a dialect of Franco-Provençal called Valdôtain (Valdoten) or patois. It is spoken as a second language by 68,000 residents, about 58% of the population, according to a poll taken by the Fondation Émile Chanoux in 2002. The residents of the small town of Gressoney speak a dialect of German. As of 2006, the Italian national institute of statistics ISTAT estimated that 4,976 foreign-born immigrants live in Valle d'Aosta, equal to 4.0% of the total regional population.

External links

• Regione Autonoma Valle d'Aosta / Région Autonome Vallée-d'Aoste
• Map of Valle d'Aosta
• "Particularism": autonomy in the Valle d'Aosta
• VMV Aosta Valley virtual museum
• Guide to the La Thuile Ski Resort

Regions of Italy
Abruzzo · Aosta Valley · Apulia · Basilicata · Calabria · Campania · Emilia-Romagna · Friuli-Venezia Giulia · Lazio · Liguria · Lombardy · Marche · Molise · Piedmont · Sardinia · Sicily · Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol · Tuscany · Umbria · Veneto

Comuni of Aosta Valley
	Allein · Antey-Saint-André · Aosta · Arnad · Arvier · Avise · Ayas · Aymavilles · Bard · Bionaz · Brissogne · Brusson · Challand-Saint-Anselme · Challand-Saint-Victor · Chambave · Chamois · Champdepraz · Champorcher · Charvensod · Châtillon · Cogne · Courmayeur · Donnas · Doues · Emarèse · Etroubles · Fontainemore · Fénis · Gaby · Gignod · Gressan · Gressoney-La-Trinité · Gressoney-Saint-Jean · Hône · Introd · Issime · Issogne · Jovençan · La Magdeleine · La Salle · La Thuile · Lillianes · Montjovet · Morgex · Nus · Ollomont · Oyace · Perloz · Pollein · Pont-Saint-Martin · Pontboset · Pontey · Prè-Saint-Didier · Quart · Rhêmes-Notre-Dame · Rhêmes-Saint-Georges · Roisan · Saint-Christophe · Saint-Denis · Saint-Marcel · Saint-Nicolas · Saint-Oyen · Saint-Pierre · Saint-Rhémy-en-Bosses · Saint-Vincent · Sarre · Torgnon · Valgrisenche · Valpelline · Valsavarenche · Valtournenche · Verrayes · Verrès · Villeneuve

frp:Vâl d’Aoûtalij:Valle d'Aostapms:Val d'Osta

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