Vascular endothelial growth factor A

Vascular endothelial growth factor A
PDB rendering based on 1bj1.
Available structures: 1bj1, 1cz8, 1flt, 1kat, 1kmx, 1mjv, 1mkg, 1mkk, 1qty, 1tzh, 1tzi, 1vgh, 1vpf, 1vpp, 2fjg, 2fjh, 2vgh, 2vpf
Identifiers
Symbols	VEGFA; MGC70609; VEGF; VEGF-A; VPF
External IDs	OMIM: 192240 MGI: 103178 HomoloGene: 2534
Gene ontology Molecular function: • vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding • growth factor activity • heparin binding • protein homodimerization activity • extracellular matrix binding Cellular component: • proteinaceous extracellular matrix • extracellular space • cytoplasm • membrane Biological process: • regulation of progression through cell cycle • angiogenesis • vasculogenesis • response to hypoxia • anti-apoptosis • signal transduction • multicellular organismal development • nervous system development • mesoderm development • cell proliferation • cell migration • lung development • epithelial cell differentiation • positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway • eye photoreceptor cell development • positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation • induction of positive chemotaxis
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
	Human	Mouse
Entrez	7422	22339
Ensembl	ENSG00000112715	ENSMUSG00000023951
Uniprot	P15692	A0FKR4
Refseq	NM_001025366 (mRNA) NP_001020537 (protein)	NM_001025250 (mRNA) NP_001020421 (protein)
Location	Chr 6: 43.85 - 43.86 Mb	Chr 17: 45.48 - 45.5 Mb
Pubmed search	[1]	[2]

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the VEGFA gene.^[1]

Function

This gene is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and encodes a protein that is often found as a disulfide linked homodimer. This protein is a glycosylated mitogen that specifically acts on endothelial cells and has various effects, including mediating increased vascular permeability, inducing angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth, promoting cell migration, and inhibiting apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants, encoding either freely secreted or cell-associated isoforms, have been characterized.^[2]

As its name implies, VEGF-A activity has been mostly studied on cells of the vascular endothelium, although it does have effects on a number of other cell types (e.g. stimulation monocyte/macrophage migration, neurons, cancer cells, kidney epithelial cells ). In vitro, VEGF-A has been shown to stimulate endothelial cell mitogenesis and cell migration. VEGF-A is also a vasodilator and increases microvascular permeability and was originally referred to as vascular permeability factor.

Function

• Angiogenesis
  • ↑ Migration of endothelial cells
  • ↑ mitosis of endothelial cells
  • ↑ Matrix metalloproteinase activity
  • ↑ αvβ3 activity
  • creation of blood vessel lumen
  • creates lumen
  • creates fenestrations
• Chemotactic for macrophages and granulocytes
• Vasodilation (indirectly by NO release)

Also tumour suppression.^[3]

Clinical significance

Elevated levels of this protein is linked to POEMS syndrome, also known as Crow-Fukase syndrome.^[4] Mutations in this gene have been associated with proliferative and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.^[5]

Interactions

Vascular endothelial growth factor A has been shown to interact with Neuropilin 1,^[6][7] ADAMTS1^[8] and CTGF.^[9]

See also

• Vascular endothelial growth factor

References

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

v • d • e PDB Gallery 1bj1: VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR IN COMPLEX WITH A NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY   1cz8: VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR IN COMPLEX WITH AN AFFINITY MATURED ANTIBODY   1flt: VEGF IN COMPLEX WITH DOMAIN 2 OF THE FLT-1 RECEPTOR   1kat: Solution Structure of a Phage-Derived Peptide Antagonist in Complex with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor   1kmx: Heparin-binding Domain from Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor   1mjv: DISULFIDE DEFICIENT MUTANT OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR A (C51A and C60A)   1mkg: DISULFIDE DEFICIENT MUTANT OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR A (C57A and C102A)   1mkk: Disulfide deficient mutant of vascular endothelial growth factor A (C61A and C104A)   1qty: VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR IN COMPLEX WITH DOMAIN 2 OF THE FLT-1 RECEPTOR   1tzh: Crystal Structure of the Fab YADS1 Complexed with h-VEGF   1tzi: Crystal Structure of the Fab YADS2 Complexed with h-VEGF   1vgh: HEPARIN-BINDING DOMAIN FROM VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR, NMR, 20 STRUCTURES   1vpf: STRUCTURE OF HUMAN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR   1vpp: COMPLEX BETWEEN VEGF AND A RECEPTOR BLOCKING PEPTIDE   2fjg: Structure of the G6 Fab, a phage derived Fab fragment, in complex with VEGF   2fjh: Structure of the B20-4 Fab, a phage derived Fab fragment, in complex with VEGF   2vgh: HEPARIN-BINDING DOMAIN FROM VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR, NMR, MINIMIZED AVERAGE STRUCTURE   2vpf: VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR REFINED TO 1.93 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION