| Ventotene | |||
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| — Comune — | |||
| Comune di Ventotene | |||
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  Ventotene
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| Coordinates: 40°48′N 13°26′E / 40.8°N 13.433°ECoordinates: 40°48′N 13°26′E / 40.8°N 13.433°E | |||
| Country | Italy | ||
| Region | Lazio | ||
| Province | Latina (LT) | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Giuseppe Assenso (since April 4, 2005) | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total | 1.54 km2 (0.6 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 18 m (59 ft) | ||
| Population (30 April 2008) | |||
| - Total | 708 | ||
| - Density | 459.7/km2 (1,190.7/sq mi) | ||
| - Demonym | Ventotenesi | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 04020 | ||
| Dialing code | 0771 | ||
| Patron saint | St. Candida | ||
| Saint day | September 19 | ||
| Website | Official website | ||
Ventotene is an island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, off the coast of Campania, Italy. It is the remains of an ancient volcano, and is part of the Pontine Islands. In Roman times it was known as Pandataria and Pandateria. It is also a municipality part of the province of Latina (Lazio).
The island is elongated, with a length of 3 kilometres and a maximum width of about 800 metres. Santo Stefano is located 2 kilometres to the east, and Ponza is 40 kilometres to the west.
The municipality with the same name has 708 permanent residents as of 2008. It includes the island of St. Stefano, which is the site of a massive prison, now closed.
The island is connected by ferry and hydrofoil service to Formia and Anzio; this is supplemented by summer services from and to Ischia.
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History
Best known as the island to which the emperor Augustus banished his daughter Julia the Elder in 2 BC, as reaction to her excessive adultery, where she was to spend five years, and to which Tiberius banished his grandniece Agrippina the elder in 29 AD, before perishing, probably of malnutrition, on October 18, 33 AD. After Agrippina's son Gaius (better known as Caligula) became Emperor in 37 AD he went to Pandataria to collect her remains and brought them back to Rome. Agrippina's youngest daughter, Julia Livilla was also exiled to Pandateria. She was deported to this island on the orders of her uncle, the emperor Claudius, at the instigation of his wife, Messalina, in 41 AD. Sometime later, she was discreetly starved to death there and her remains were probably brought back to Rome when her sister Agrippina the Younger became influential as the emperor's wife. Another distinguished lady of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, Claudia Octavia, who was the first wife of the emperor Nero, was banished to Pandateria in 62 AD and executed on the orders of her husband.[1]
This is also the island to which St. Flavia Domitilla, for whom the eponymous catacombs in Rome are named and who hid many saints (or recovered their remains when they were martyred), was banished. She was the granddaughter of Emperor Vespasian. She may have died there.
A prison camp was created under the Bourbons and restructured under Mussolini on the island with up to 700 opponents, including 400 communists, between 1939 and 1943. One of them was Altiero Spinelli who wrote there a text now known as the "Ventotene Manifesto", promoting the idea of a federal Europe after the war.
During World War II, the island also served as home to a 114 man German garrison that defended a key radar station. On the night of September 8, 1943, an American PT Boat silently slipped into Ventotene's harbor and offloaded 46 American Paratroopers from the 509th Parachute Infantry Battalion. The paratroopers quickly met with a local exile from the Italian mainland who then lied to the German commander that there was a regiment of paratroopers on the island, deposited by a fleet of allied ships. Terrified, the German commander demolished his own positions and weapons, and then surrendered to the weaker American force before realizing his mistake. Ventotene was liberated without a shot being fired at 3 AM September 9, 1943.
Main sights
The port has kept some tuff structures of the ancient Roman structure; on the island are also remains of villas and aqueducts.
In July 2009, archaeologists announced the discovery of a "graveyard" of five ancient Roman ships in the deep waters off Ventotene, with their pristine cargoes of olive oil, garum and metal ingots.[2] Some of the recovered objects were immediately placed on view at Ventotene.
References
- ^ Tacitus, Annals XIV.63-64
- ^ "Archaeologists find graveyard of sunken Roman ships"; BBC News: "Ancient shipwrecks found"
External links
Media related to Ventotene at Wikimedia Commons- ‘Tiny, charming island offers taste of pure Italy’, cnn.com/travel, October 6, 2008.
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