A Veteran tree or legacy tree is a tree which, because of its great age, size or condition is of exceptional cultural, landscape or nature conservation value.
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Definition
Veteran trees vary in age depending upon their species and location, but may be several hundred years old. Smaller and shorter-lived tree species (such as orchard trees) may begin to develop some veteran features when only a few decades old. Size is usually used to define veteran trees. This may be size alone: for example, a girth of over 3 metres (9 ft 10 in) at 1.5 metres (5 ft) may be used as a test;[citation needed] alternatively, different girths may be set for species of different sizes, and the presence of veteran tree features may also be considered.[1]
Veteran trees often have features of particularly high nature conservation value, such as dead limbs, hollows, rot-holes, water pools, seepages, woodpecker holes, splits, loose bark, limbs reaching the ground, and epiphytic plants and lichens.[1] Few of these features are found on younger trees, and they provide habitats for very many species of animals and fungi, some of which are rare. Such features are sometimes removed or damaged by pruning or other arboricultural practices.
Many of the oldest trees are pollards, as pollarding removes the weight and windage of the upper trunk and so reduces the chances of major damage, and it also maintains the tree in a vigorous state.
Veteran trees occur in many situations, occasionally in dense woodland, but more commonly as hedgerow trees, on village greens, and in ancient parks and other wood pasture.
United Kingdom
Veteran trees are more frequent in Great Britain than in many other parts of Europe. In the United Kingdom in recent years, these trees have started to be documented so that a national database can be created. This programme has been dubbed the Ancient Tree Hunt by some media. Volunteer groups such as the Wokingham District Veteran Tree Association, the Dorset Greenwood Tree Project and the Ashford Veteran Tree Initiative are crucial to the success of this scheme.
Although some initiatives have strict rules on how to measure the girth and use GPS devices to document the location of such trees accurately, other schemes rely on members of the public to report large trees. The public have been encouraged to hug big trees in their area to get a measure for their size and report their findings to Natural England or another Veteran Tree organization. 19th century maps are also being used to find old trees in places such as Cambridgeshire.[2]
Australia
In Australia some of the oldest veteran trees are intimately connected with social, cultural and legal practices of the Aboriginal peoples.
However even the more recent European history of settlement has produced historical linkages through resilient individual trees that have survived when all other traces of past events have long since disappeared. Along with the very obvious and well documented wholesale clearance of vegetation, European settlers also demonstrated an understanding of the importance of trees in their immediate surroundings.
Existing prominent trees were very often used as markers, survey points indicating boundaries of both private and government land tenure. Some of Australia’s most famous trees hold an exalted position in our shared psyche simply because they were marked (blazed) by 19th century explorers.
Australia does not have the history of the commons and parklands that help explain these landscape forms elsewhere. The new settlers did however bring with them an appreciation of the value of trees for fuel, fodder and raw material for building; many of them also showed an appreciation of the amenity value of trees, planting large spreading shade trees on their properties and within their new founded towns and cities.
Many of the veteran trees identified today are living reminders of the previous patterns of settlement, reflecting the economic, cultural and social organization influencing the lives of those living on the land. They often display the physical scars of traumatic events both man made and natural, government authorities national, state and local recognize their importance in legislation and local laws to protect significant vegetation.
The Veteran Tree Group, a volunteer organisation, is applying the successful model from the Ancient Tree Forum in the UK starting the process of documentation of veteran trees in Australia, and providing best practice advice to anyone wanting to understand more about these significant elements of our environment.
See also
References
- ^ a b Higher Level Stewardship: Part B, Farm Environment Plan Features Manual, Second Edition, pp 121–124. Natural England, October 2008, ISBN 978-1-84754-079-9
- ^ BBC NEWS | England | Cambridgeshire | Maps boosting ancient tree search
External links
- The Future for Veteran Trees. English Nature, 2000. ISBN 1 85716 509 8
- [1] English Heritage page about veteran trees.
- Veteran Trees Management Handbook, English Nature, 2000. ISBN 1 85716 474 1
- Ancient Tree Forum
- The Veteran Tree Group
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