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| IPA – number | 139 |
| IPA – text | ʝ |
| IPA – image |  |
| Entity | ʝ |
| X-SAMPA | j\ |
| Kirshenbaum | C<vcd> |
 Sound sample (help·info) |
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The voiced palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʝ (crossed-tail j), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is j\.
The voiced palatal fricative is a very rare sound, occurring in only seven of the 317 languages surveyed by the origical UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database.[citation needed] In only three of the languages (Komi, Margi, Belgian Standard Dutch[1]) this sound occurs along with its voiceless counterpart.
Contents |
Features
Features of the voiced palatal fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is palatal which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised against the hard palate.
- Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dutch | goed | [ʝut] (help·info) |
'good' | More common in southern Dutch dialects, including all of Dutch-speaking Belgium.[2] See Dutch phonology | |
| Greek[3] | γεια | [ʝa] | 'hello' | See Modern Greek phonology | |
| Kabyle | cceǥ | [ʃʃəʝ] | 'to slip' | ||
| Pashto | Wardak dialect[4] | موږ | [muʝ] | 'we' | |
| Spanish[5] | sayo | [saˈʝo̞] | 'smock' | More often is an approximant. May also be represented by <ll> in certain dialects. See Spanish phonology | |
| Swedish | jord | [ʝuːɖ] (help·info) |
'soil' | See Swedish phonology | |
See also
References
- ^ Jo Verhoeven, Belgian Standard Dutch, Journal of the International Phonetic Association (2005), 35:2:243-247 Cambridge University Press [1]
- ^ Pieter van Reenen; Nanette Huijs (2000). "De harde en de zachte g, de spelling gh versus g voor voorklinker in het veertiende-eeuwse Middelnederlands." (in Dutch). Taal en Tongval, 52(Thema nr.), 159-181. http://www.meertens.knaw.nl/taalentongval/artikelen/Reenen_Huijs.pdf. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
- ^ Nicolaidis (2003:?)
- ^ Michael M.T. Henderson, Four Varieties of Pashto
- ^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:255)
Bibliography
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Ana Ma. Fernández-Planas & Josefina Carrera-Sabaté (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255-259
- Nicolaidis, Katerina (2003), "An electropalatographic study of palatals in Greek", written at Athens, in D. Theophanopoulou-Kontou, Current trends in Greek Linguistics (in Greek), Patakis, 108-127
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