Voltumna
In Etruscan mythology, Voltumna or Veltha[1] was the chthonic (earth) deity, who
became[2] the supreme god of the Etruscan pantheon, the
deus Etruriae princeps, according to Varro.[3] Voltumna's cult was centered in Volsini (modern-day Orvieto) a polis of the
The bond of the twelve Etruscan populi was renewed annually at the sacred grove
of
In the
He was the equivalent of the Roman
Notes
- ^ Pallottino, "The Religion of the Etruscans"
- ^ "A typical example of the process of the individualization and the transformation of a local earth spirit, pertaining to a territory of southern Etruria, into a superior divinity." (Pallottino).
- ^ Varro, De lingua Latina V.46.
- ^ Livy, iv 23, 25 and 61; v 17, vi 2.
- ^ A. Alföldi, "Die Etrusker in Latium und Rom", Gymnasium 70 (1963), p 204.
See also
Tinia
References
- Briquel, Dominique 2003 "Le Fanum Voltumnae: remarques sur le culte fédéral des cités étrusques", in Dieux, fêtes, sacré dans la Grèce et la Rome antiques, edited by André Motte and Charles Ternes: 133-59. (Brepols, Turnhout). The last ten pages of this paper contain a highly technical discussion of the identity of the Etruscan god Voltumna in relation to the Latin gods Vertumnus and Janus.
- Fontana Elboj, Gonzalo, 1992. Ager: estudio etimológico y functional sobre Marte y Voltumna (University of Zaragoza) (Spanish) ISBN 84-600-8279-2
- Hederich, Benjamin. (1770) 1996. Gründliches Mythologisches Lexikon (Darmstadt) ISBN 3534130537
Pliny 8, 20.- Vollmer,Mythologie aller Völker, (Stuttgart) 1874.
- L. Niebuhr, Römische Geschichte 2, 216.
- Wissowa, Religion und Cultus des Römer, 243, 3.
- Müller-Deecke, Die Etrusker, 1, 329 skk.
- Theodor Mommsen, Römisches Staatsrecht, 3, 666
- Pallottino, Massimo. "The Religion of the Etruscans"
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