Voss
A novel by Patrick White, was published in 1957 and won the Miles Franklin and the W.H. Smith awards. The narrative opens in colonial Sydney of 1845, where the German explorer Voss, whose experience has affinities with that of Ludwig Leichhardt, is preparing to cross the continent from one end to the other. For Voss the desert exists purely as a worthy challenge for his will, a place where he can rival the Almighty and wrest superhumanity for himself. At the house of one of his patrons, Mr Bonner, a wealthy merchant, Voss meets Laura Trevelyan, Bonner's niece, an intelligent, sensitive girl though outwardly a rather stiff bluestocking. Laura and Voss have only four meetings before he departs, but their relationship develops a fierce intensity. Perceiving the truth about his expedition, she challenges him in a 'wrestling' of minds and although the contest does nothing to alter his purpose Voss is already strongly influenced by her transforming power. Of the other members of his expedition, Palfreyman, an ornithologist, Harry Robarts, a simple, physically powerful boy, Frank Le Mesurier, a young, inwardly anguished poet, and Turner, a soured, cunning individual, only Palfreyman, a man of profound Christian humility, offers Voss any moral challenge at this point. After a sea trip to Newcastle the group stays at the beautiful property, Rhine Towers, belonging to the cultivated Mr Sanderson. Two new members join the expedition: a wealthy young pastoralist, Ralph Angus, and an emancipated convict, Judd. At Rhine Towers, Voss's Nietzschean will to power is slightly undermined by several softening experiences, not least his memory of Laura, and he decides to ask Mr Bonner for her hand. Before setting out into the harshest country the group stays at a squalid outpost, Jildra, where they acquire two inscrutable Aborigines, Dugald and Jackie. Side by side with the vicissitudes of Voss and his group in the wilderness, White develops Voss's intense relationship and eventual 'marriage' with Laura, conducted both by letter and by telepathy, and the events of life at the Bonners' in Sydney. When Rose Portion, the Bonners' maid, is found to be pregnant, Laura participates so intensely in her experience that the birth of the child Mercy, from which Rose dies, is also hers. Meanwhile in the desert misfortunes proliferate: Voss is injured, cattle are lost or stolen, food runs short, Turner and Le Mesurier become ill, and the party is constantly dogged by watchful Aborigines. Palfreyman, speared by the Blacks, dies in a Christ-like way, and Judd, Angus and Turner turn back. The severe sufferings of Voss's last days, Le Mesurier's suicide, Harry Robart's death and Voss's decapitation at the hands of Jackie, are also shared by Laura as she is consumed by a fever in Sydney. The final section of the novel is in two phases; the first, taking place two years later when Laura has become a mistress at an academy for young ladies, describes retrospectively the deaths of Angus, Turner and Jackie and the failure of a further expedition under Colonel Hebden to establish Voss's fate. The second phase, taking place several years later, narrates the contrasting fates of Laura, now headmistress of the academy and mother of Mercy, and her cousin Belle Radclyffe, mother of a large family, and the contrasting interpretations of Voss. Destined to figure in history books, regarded as a saint by the now confused Judd, and as a 'poor, twisted fellow' by Sanderson, he was, as Laura comments, a man like other men, composed of good and evil. Voss has been produced as an opera with libretto by David Malouf and music by Richard Meale.
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AMG AllMusic Guide: Pop Artists:
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Heiko Voss
- Genres: Electronica
Biography
German producer Heiko Voss is most known for his micro-house productions with Thomas Schaeben as Schaeben & Voss. He's also an accomplished producer on his own, with a full-length (Senf) on Betrug and a 12" ("I Think About You") on Kompakt Pop. Two of the four mixes from the Kompakt Pop 12" were selected by Michael Mayer to bookend the DJ's 2003 mix album for Fabric. ~ Andy Kellman, Rovi
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For other uses, see Voss (disambiguation).
| Voss kommune | |||
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| — Municipality — | |||
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| Coordinates: 60°42′9″N 6°25′23″E / 60.7025°N 6.42306°ECoordinates: 60°42′9″N 6°25′23″E / 60.7025°N 6.42306°E | |||
| Country | Norway | ||
| County | Hordaland | ||
| District | Voss | ||
| Administrative centre | Vossevangen | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor (2007) | Gunn Berit Lunde Aarvik (Ap) | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 1,806 km2 (697 sq mi) | ||
| • Land | 1,732 km2 (669 sq mi) | ||
| Area rank | 38 in Norway | ||
| Population (2009) | |||
| • Total | 13,868 | ||
| • Rank | 75 in Norway | ||
| • Density | 8.0/km2 (21/sq mi) | ||
| • Change (10 years) | 1.3 % | ||
| Demonym | Vossing Voss (male) Vosse (female)[1] |
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| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| ISO 3166 code | NO-1235 | ||
| Official language form | Nynorsk | ||
| Website | www.voss.kommune.no | ||
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| Historical populations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1951 | 9,433 | — |
| 1960 | 10,275 | +8.9% |
| 1970 | 13,765 | +34.0% |
| 1980 | 14,163 | +2.9% |
| 1990 | 14,035 | −0.9% |
| 2000 | 13,726 | −2.2% |
| 2007 | 13,786 | +0.4% |
| 2008 | 13,768 | −0.1% |
| 2009 | 13,868 | +0.7% |
| Source: Statistics Norway. | ||
Voss (help·info) is a municipality in Hordaland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Voss. The administrative center of the municipality is the village of Vossevangen.
Voss was established as a municipality on January 1, 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). Vossestrand was separated from Voss on January 1, 1868 and Evanger was separated from Voss on January 1, 1885. All of Vossestrand and the main part of Evanger, were merged back into the municipality of Voss on January 1, 1964.
The main centre of population is the town Voss or Vossevangen. Voss is situated on the main road and railway line from Oslo to Bergen, about 100 kilometres east of Bergen. The people of Voss make their living mainly from agriculture and tourism, both in the summer and winter.
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General information
Name
The Old Norse form of the name was Vǫrs, and this might have been the old name of Vangsvatnet. If this is the case, the name probably is derived from the word vǫrr which means "wave" or "sea". (-s is a common suffix in old Norwegian place names.)
Administrative divisions
Coat-of-arms
The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 8 July 1977. They show a gray deer on a red background.
The arms are based on the seal of Peter who was the owner of the farm Finne in Voss, which was one of the largest farms in Western Norway in the Middle Ages. He used a silver deer on a red background as his personal coat-of-arms in 1303. His son also used a deer on his seals as did most of their relatives until 1460. The shape and position of the deer changed between the different persons, but it always was the main figure.[2]
History
According to legend, the people of Voss were forcibly converted to Christianity by king Olav, who later became St. Olav. A stone cross situated in the town of Vossevangen is said to have been erected at this time. The town contains a stone church from 1277, with a 16th century excentric, octagonal steeple. Just outside the town is Finnesloftet, a 13th century wooden guildhall believed to be the oldest profane wooden building in Northern Europe.
After the German invasion of Norway on April 9, 1940, Voss was the main point of mobilisation for the Norwegian Army in the west, as the city of Bergen had already fallen on the first day of the invasion. Although most of the troops mobilised here were transferred by railway to the fighting in the east of the country, the German forces, advancing towards Voss along the railway line from Bergen and from the Hardangerfjord, were met with stiff resistance. In Hardanger, some of the Germans climbed up the mountains from Ålvik while the rest went through Granvin. To break down this resistance the town of Voss was bombed by the Luftwaffe on 23 and April 24, and the surrounding countryside on April 25. Nine people lost their lives in the bombing, which completely destroyed the old wood-built town centre. On April 26, the German forces entered the town, which remained occupied until May 8, 1945.
In 1964 the municipality was enlarged with the incorporation of neighbouring Vossestrand and Evanger, which had up until then been separate municipalities within the traditional district also known as Voss.
Birdlife
Voss has a wide range of habitats, everything from high barren mountains to rich fertile valleys. The large areas of coniferous forests provide food and shelter for a whole host of species, while the many wetland areas are regarded as some of the most interesting birding habitats in the county. There is a bird reserve at Lønaøyane with marked paths and a tower hide. Over 155 species have been seen at this locality. Many are common Scandinavia species, but the area has also produced the unexpected like the Great Egret, European Hobby, and Woodlark just to name a few,
Tourism
Voss sits in a location surrounded by snow-capped mountains, forests, lakes and fast flowing white water rivers. This has led to its development as a notable center of skiing, water sports, skydiving, paragliding and other adventure sports. The area hosts the Ekstremsportveko[3] (Extreme Sports Week) every year in the last week of June, which is regarded as the world's premier extreme sports festival. Bømoen, the local airstrip, is home to Skydive Voss, one of the largest dropzones in Norway, as well as a gliding club. The rivers provide various levels of white water, attracting kayaking, rafting and river boarding. Kite surfing and Para-bungee may been seen on lake Vangsvatnet. The ski area, to the north of the town, is accessible via a cable car, Hangursbanen from the town. There is also chair lift access from Bavallen, a short distance to the northeast of Voss.
The town's proximity to the Sognefjord and its position between Bergen and Flåm on the scenic railway have made it popular with tourists. One of the sights on the road to Flåm is the waterfall Tvindefossen.
The Voss Museum displays several old farmsteads, including the larger than life stone statue of Lars O. Kindem. Next to the open-air part, there is a museum building with over 20 000 items from traditional farm life.
Notable residents
Artists
- Brynjulf Bergslien - painter
- Knud Bergslien - painter
Athletes
- Gisle Fenne - World Cup silver medalist in biathlon
- Odd Lirhus - World Cup winner in biathlon
- Gro Marit Istad Kristiansen - world champion in biathlon
- Astrid Lødemel - World Cup silver medalist in alpine skiing
- Jori Mørkve - biathlon, relay bronze winner in the World Championships in Antholz
- Kristian Ystaas - footballers
- Jon Istad - World Championship Gold in 1966 biathlon shooter + king
- Sjur Røthe - Cross-Country
Olympic champions
Voss is a winter sports center and has in recent times been the home of many world-class athletes in several winter sports, most prominently biathlon, but also alpine skiing, nordic skiing and freestyle skiing. In all, athletes from Voss have won 6 gold medals, 5 silver medals and 7 bronze medals at winter Olympic games. Athletes from Voss have been present, representing Norway, at every winter Olympic games except one since 1948 Winter Olympics, the exception being 1972.
- Jan Einar Thorsen - 1994 Winter Olympics, bronze medal winner in downhill
- Eirik Kvalfoss - 1984 Winter Olympics (biathlon, sprint)
- Kristen Skjeldal - 1992 Winter Olympics (cross-country skiing, relay)
- Kari Traa - 2002 Winter Olympics (freestyle skiing, moguls)
- Egil Gjelland - 2002 Winter Olympics (biathlon, relay)
- Lars Bystøl - 2006 Winter Olympics (ski jumping, K90)
- Hilde Synnøve Lid - 1994 Winter Olympics bronze medal winner in freestyle
Politicians
- Lars Leiro - former Transport Minister
- Jon Lilletun (1945-2006) - Minister in the Ministry of Education and Research from 1997-2001 (KrF)
Others
- Ingvild Bryn - news anchor in NRK
- Rune Hauge - football agent
- Arne Hjeltnes - presenter of TV2
- Guri Solberg - presenter of TV2
- Trond Egil Soltvedt - former Sheffield Wednesday Footballer
- Rune Hauge - football agent
- Lars Tvinde - actor
Norwegian-Americans
Like the rest of Western Norway, Voss saw large-scale emigration, particularly to the United States, in the 19th and early 20th century.
- Canute R. Matson - Sheriff of Cook County, Illinois
- Aad J. Vinje - Chief Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court
- Knute Nelson - US Senator
- John Anderson - founder and publisher Skandinaven
- Knute Rockne - American football player and coach, who is commemorated by a memorial in Vossevangen
- Lars Fletre - sculptor
References
- ^ "Personnemningar til stadnamn i Noreg" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet. http://www.sprakrad.no/nb-no/Sprakhjelp/Rettskrivning_Ordboeker/Innbyggjarnamn/.
- ^ Norske Kommunevåpen (1990). "Nye kommunevåbener i Norden". http://www.ngw.nl/int/nor/v/voss.htm. Retrieved 27 September 2008.
- ^ Ekstremsportveko
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Voss |
External links
Media related to Voss at Wikimedia Commons- Vossestrand (Norwegian)
- The Norwegian Birding Route
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Oxford Companion to Australian Literature
Oxford University Press. © 1994 All rights reserved.
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Mentioned in
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(family name)
Brekhus
(family name)
Vos
(family name)
Peter Voss, Der Held des Tages
(1959 Film)
Herr-Voss Stamco
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