Pertaining to or emanating from the vulva.
- v. atresia — failure of the orifice to open may occur with imperforate anus as a congenital defect.
- v. bleeding — occurs as part of any hemorrhagic diathesis; chronic local bleeding occurs in mares with varicose veins in the dorsal wall of the vulva; voluminous arterial bleeding can occur in cows after a difficult calving.
- v. cyst — see bartholin's glands, gartner's ducts.
- v. episioplasty — surgery for repair of the vulvar orifice and its sphincter muscles most commonly for the correction of wind-sucking in the mare.
- v. fibropapilloma — a wart growing on the vulvar mucosa; caused by bovine papilloma virus; most cases recover spontaneously as do similar lesions on the prepuce and penis.
- v. fold dermatitis — see fold dermatitis.
- v. inflammation — see vulvitis.
- v. neoplasms — includes papilloma, sarcoma and submucous fibroma.
- v. parturient hematoma — these can be dramatic in mares because of their size and the speed with which they develop.
- v. rupture — tears including the musculature are not uncommon in heifers and mares as a result of a difficult parturition.
- v. squamous cell carcinoma — may occur at a high level of incidence in ewes whose tails have been docked too short as part of a radical Mules operation, exposing the vulva to direct sunlight.
