The Waponahkiyik, known in English as the Wabanaki Confederacy, is a historical confederacy located in the Wabanaki (Dawnland) area, now called New England (particularly Maine, Vermont and New Hampshire) and the Canadian Maritimes (particularly Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.)[citation needed]
Members of the Wabanaki Confederacy—the Wabanaki peoples, or simply the Wabanakis—consisted of five Algonquian tribes:
- Abenaki
- Míkmaq (Mi'kmaq or Micmac)
- Penawapskewi (Penobscot)
- Pestomuhkati (Passamaquoddy)
- Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet or Malicite)
and were closely allied with the Innu and Algonquin, and with the Iroquoian-speaking Wyandot.
The Wabanaki Confederacy disbanded in 1862, but the five Wabanaki nations still exist, and they remain friends and allies today.
The elders have been in discussions since last year in order to revive the Confederacy (citation forthcoming).
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"Wabanaki Confederacy" in various indigenous languages
The term "Wabanaki Confederacy" in many Algonquian languages literally means "Dawn Land People." Wabanaki Confederacy can be translated into Mi'kmaq, Maliseet, Abenaki-Penobscot, Algonquin, Anishinaabe, Odawa, and Potawatomi as:
- Mi'kmaq: Wabanahkiyik
- Maliseet-Passamaquoddy: Waponahkiyik/Waponahkewiyik
- Abenaki-Penobscot: Wôbanakiak
- Algonquin: Wàbanakìk
- Ojibwe: Waabanakiig/Waabanakiiyag
- Odawa: Waabnakiig/Waabnakiiyag
- Potawatomi: Wabnekiyeg
External links
- Native Languages of the Americas: Wabanaki Confederacy
- “Wabanaki People—A Story of Cultural Continuity”, timeline curriculum unit developed by the Abbe Museum.
- Storm Clouds Over Wabanakiak Confederacy Diplomacy Until Dummer's Treaty (1727) by Dr. Harald E. L. Prins
- Miingignoti-Keteaoag—a partnership committed to maintaining the integrity and way of life of the Wabanaki Nations
Further reading
- McBride, Bunny. (2001) Women of the Dawn
- Mead, Alice. (1996) Giants of the Dawnland: Eight ancient Wabanaki legends
- Prins, Harald E.L. “The Crooked Path of Dummer's Treaty: Anglo-Wabanaki Diplomacy and the Quest for Aboriginal Rights.” Papers of the Thirty-Third Algonquian Conference. H.C. Wolfart, ed. Winnipeg; U Manitoba Press (2002): 360-378
- Walker, Willard. “The Wabanaki Confederacy.” Maine History 37 (3) (1998): 100-139
Maps
Maps showing the approximate locations of areas occupied by members of the Wabanaki Confederacy (from north to south):
 Eastern Abenaki (Penobscot, Kennebec, Arosaguntacook, Pigwacket/Pequawket) |
 Western Abenaki (Arsigantegok, Missisquoi, Cowasuck, Sokoki, Pennacook |
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