Waiting staff, wait staff, or waitstaff[1] are those who work at a restaurant or a bar attending customers — supplying them with food and drink as requested. Traditionally, a male waiting tables is called a "waiter" and a female a "waitress." Some people prefer to use gender-neutral language, using waiter indiscriminately for males and females, server,[2], waitperson,[3], or waitron, an Americanism coined in the 1980s.[4]
Waiting staff may also be employed in (mainly, large) private households, but there such specialization is rarer, with the general domestic staff performing the function of waiting staff.
Waiting on tables is (along with nursing and teaching) part of the service sector, and among the most common occupations in the United States. The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that, as of May As of 2005[update], there were over 2.2 million persons employed as servers in the U.S.[5]
Many servers are required by their employers to wear a uniform.
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Duties of waiting staff
The duties of waiting staff include preparing tables for a meal, taking customers' orders, serving drinks and food, and cleaning up before, after and during servings in a restaurant. Most servers carry certain items such as a pad and pen for orders, a lighter for candles, or some form of corkscrew or sommelier knife.
Depending on the restaurant, other less common duties may be required, such as singing birthday songs to customers who are celebrating a birthday. Singing waiters were a commonplace specialty in the early to middle 20th century, and some modern theme restaurants require servers to dance (e.g. Texas Roadhouse, Johnny Rockets or Joe's Crab Shack). Event caterers outsource waiting staff to events and specific functions.
Silver service staff are specially trained to serve at banquets or high-end restaurants. They follow specific rules of service and it is a skilled job. They generally wear black and white with a long, white apron (extending from the waist to ankle). The head server is in charge of the waiting staff, and is also frequently responsible for assigning seating. The functions of a head server can overlap to some degree with that of the maître d'hôtel. Some restaurants employ busboys or busgirls, increasingly referred to as bussers, to clear dirty dishes, set tables, and otherwise assist the waiting staff.[6][7][8]
Tipping
In the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, many other Western countries and parts of the Middle East, it is customary for customers to pay a tip to a server after a meal. 15% is considered standard in the U.S., with a possible range from 15% to 30% depending on the level and quality of service. In some situations, a tip or "service charge" will be included on the restaurant bill in the U.S. Also called a gratuity, a "service charge" will be automatically applied, e.g. for large tables, parties of 4 or more, or other situations where the restaurant management imposes this to ensure that the servers working in such situations earn their usual tip income. Such service charges are usually around 18%; an additional voluntary tip is sometimes given. There is some debate in the U.S. whether a "minimum tip" exists as a convention; some argue that 15% or 20% is a minimum tip or that it is extremely rude to not leave at least $1, even if the service was not up to standard. However, some people also believe that a "minimum tip" is a way for employers to shift the responsibility of paying employee wages onto the customer. These issues are regional, cultural, and very subjective.
In Germany and other Western countries, where minimum wages exist for servers and where tipping is not culturally entrenched, most tips take the form of rounding up to the nearest whole or half denomination of currency when the server is cashing a party out at their table. In the United Kingdom it is common practice to tip 10% of the cost of the meal.
By contrast, servers in Japan refuse tips because it isn't a Japanese custom.
Tipping is not customary in Asia, Australia and New Zealand and is not factored into wages of staff. However, tips may be appreciated, especially if the customer or party has been unusually difficult or has left a mess. For example, parents of small children may leave a small tip. In Taiwan, a 10% service fee is often added to meals in upscale restaurants. However, this fee does not go to the waitstaff - but is simply a surcharge that is added to the price of the meal.
References
- ^ "Waitstaff." The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004, via dictionary.com website. Retrieved on 17 September 2007.
- ^ "Server." WordNet 3.0. Princeton University, via dictionary.com website. Retrieved on 17 September 2007.
- ^ "Waitperson." The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004, via dictionary.com website. Retrieved on {{Date|2007-09-17.
- ^ "Waitron." Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House, via dictionary.com website. Retrieved on 17 September 2007.
- ^ U.S. Department of Labor - Bureau of Labor Statistics (24). "Occupational Employment and Wages - Waiters and Waitresses". US Department of Labor. http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes353031.htm. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ (2004.) "Busboy." The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, via dictionary.com. Retrieved on 19 September 2007.
- ^ "Busgirl." Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1), Random House, Inc., via dictionary.com. Retrieved on 19 September 2007.
- ^ Schmich, Mary. (24 August 2007.) "Uh, no offense, but do you still say 'busboy'?" Chicago Tribune Web Edition. Retrieved on 19 September 2007.
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See also
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