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The Second Coalition

Part of the French Revolutionary Wars

Louis-François Lejeune: The Battle of Marengo

Date	1799–1802
Location	Central Europe, Italy
Result	French victory, Treaty of Lunéville, Treaty of Amiens

Belligerents

Austria^[a]

Great Britain^[b]

Russia^[c]

Portugal

Spain

Denmark–Norway^[d]
French client republics:

Nominally the Holy Roman Empire, of which the Austrian Netherlands and the Duchy of Milan were under direct Austrian rule. Also encompassed many other Italian states, as well as other Habsburg states such as the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
Became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 January 1801.
Left the Coalition in 1799
Officially neutral but Danish fleet was attacked by Britain at the Battle of Copenhagen.
Abolished following the restoration of the neutral Papal States in 1800.
Short lived state that replaced the Kingdom of Naples in 1799.

v • d • e War of the Second Coalition

Ostrach – 1st Stockach – Magnano – Cassano – Trebbia – Mantua – Novi – Bergen – Castricum – Genoa – 2nd Stockach – Meßkirch – Montebello – Marengo – Höchstädt – Hohenlinden – Copenhagen – Algeciras Egyptian Campaign – Swiss Campaign – Dutch Campaign

French Revolutionary Wars

War of the First Coalition

Verdun – Valmy – Jemappes – 1st Mainz – Neerwinden – Famars – 1st Arlon - Hondshoote – Wattignies – Kaiserslautern - Toulon - Wissembourg - 2nd Arlon - Villers-en-Cauchies – Tourcoing – Tournay – 3rd Arlon - Ushant – Fleurus – Vosges – 1st Dego – Luxembourg – Genoa – Groix – Quiberon - Hyères – 2nd Mainz – Loano - Montenotte – Millesimo – 2nd Dego – Mondovì – Fombio – Lodi – Borghetto – Lonato – Castiglione – Neresheim – Amberg – Würzburg – Rovereto – 1st Bassano – 2nd Bassano – Calliano – Caldiero – Arcole – Expédition d'Irlande – Kehl – Rivoli – Mantua – Fishguard – Neuwied - Camperdown

War in the Vendée – War of the Pyrenees – Flanders Campaign - Anglo–Spanish War

v • d • e War of the Second Coalition

Ostrach – 1st Stockach – Magnano – Cassano – Trebbia – Mantua – Novi – Bergen – Castricum – Genoa – 2nd Stockach – Meßkirch – Montebello – Marengo – Höchstädt – Hohenlinden – Copenhagen – Algeciras Egyptian Campaign – Swiss Campaign – Dutch Campaign

v • d • e French Revolutionary Wars Italian Campaigns

1st Dego - Loano – Montenotte – Millesimo – 2nd Dego – Ceva – Mondovì – Fombio – Lodi – Borghetto – Lonato – Castiglione – Rovereto – 1st Bassano – 2nd Bassano – Calliano – Caldiero – Arcole – Rivoli – 1st Mantua – Magnano – Cassano – Trebbia – 2nd Mantua – Novi – Genoa – Montebello – Marengo – Pozzolo

v • d • e Naval Battles of the French Revolutionary Wars

May 1794 – Ushant – Genoa – Groix – Hyères – Droits de l'Homme – Camperdown – St Vincent – Îles Saint-Marcouf - Nile – Tory Island – Copenhagen – Algeciras

Irish Rebellion of 1798 – Haitian Revolution

Napoleonic Wars

The "Second Coalition" (1799–1802) was the second attempt by European powers led by Austria and Russia to contain or eliminate Revolutionary France. While Napoleon Bonaparte was leading an expedition to Egypt, a number of France's enemies formed a new alliance and attempted to roll back his previous conquests. Austria and Russia raised fresh armies for campaigns in Germany and Italy in 1799.

The only military activity before the end of 1798 was in Italy, where Naples captured Rome on 28 October but was driven out by the end of the year.

In Italy, Russian general Aleksandr Suvorov won a string of victories driving the French under Moreau out of the Po Valley, and forcing them back on the French Alps and the coast around Genoa. However, the Russian armies in the Helvetic Republic (Switzerland) were defeated by André Masséna, and Suvorov's army was eventually withdrawn for political reasons.

In Germany, Archduke Charles of Austria drove the French under Jean-Baptiste Jourdan back across the Rhine, and won several victories in Switzerland. Jourdan was replaced by Massena.

Russia left the coalition because the British insisted that they would have the right to search any vessel on the sea.

By the end of the year, Napoleon had returned from Egypt, leaving his army behind, and took control of France in a coup d'état. He reorganized the French armies and command for the next year's campaign.

In 1800, Napoleon took personal command of the army in Italy, and eventually won a victory at the Battle of Marengo against the Austrian general Michael Melas, driving the Austrians back toward the Alps.

In Germany, General Moreau defeated Archduke Johann at the Battle of Hohenlinden, forcing him to sign an armistice.

In February 1801 the Austrians signed the Treaty of Lunéville, accepting French control up to the Rhine and the French client republics in Italy and the Netherlands.

The Treaty of Amiens between France and Britain began the longest break in the war between the two during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic periods.

Notes

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War of the Second Coalition

See also

Notes