 Common name: Washington Metropolitan Area |
|
| Largest city Other cities |
Washington - Arlington - Alexandria |
| Population | Ranked 9th in the U.S. |
| - Total | 5,358,130 (2008 est.) |
| - Density | 962.9/sq. mi. /km² |
| Area | 5564.6 sq. mi. km² |
| State(s) | Virginia Maryland West Virginia |
| Elevation | |
| - Highest point | N/A feet (N/A m) |
| - Lowest point | 0 feet (0 m) |
The Washington Metropolitan Area, formally known as the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC–VA–MD–WV MSA, is a U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of November 2004[update]. It is also part of the larger Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. As of the 2008 Census Bureau estimate[update], the population of the Washington Metropolitan Area was estimated to be 5,358,130.[1]
Other federal agencies (such as the Department of Homeland Security) refer to part of the area as the National Capital Region.[2] The Virginia portion of the area is known as Northern Virginia.
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Composition
The Washington Metropolitan Area includes the District of Columbia and parts of the states of Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. It is divided into two metropolitan divisions:
- the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC–VA–MD–WV Metropolitan Division, comprising the majority of the metropolitan area, and
- the Bethesda–Gaithersburg–Frederick, MD Metropolitan Division, consisting of Montgomery and Frederick counties.
Political subdivisions
The area includes the following counties, districts, and independent cities:
District of Columbia
Maryland
The following counties are categorized as part of the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC–VA–MD–WV Metropolitan Statistical Area:
Though associated with the Washington Metropolitan Area, the following counties are categorized as part of the Baltimore-Towson, MD Metropolitan Statistical Area:
Though associated with the Washington Metropolitan Area, the following county is categorized as part of the Lexington Park, MD Micropolitan Statistical Area:
Virginia
Counties
- Arlington County
- Clarke County
- Fairfax County
- Fauquier County
- Loudoun County
- Prince William County
- Spotsylvania County
- Stafford County
- Warren County
- City of Alexandria
- City of Fairfax
- City of Falls Church
- City of Fredericksburg
- City of Manassas
- City of Manassas Park
West Virginia
Regional organizations
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments
Founded in 1957, the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments (MWCOG) is a regional organization of 21 Washington-area local governments, as well as area members of the Maryland and Virginia state legislatures, the U.S. Senate, and the U.S. House of Representatives. MWCOG provides a forum for discussion and the development of regional responses to issues regarding the environment, transportation, public safety, homeland security, affordable housing, community planning, and economic development.[3]
The National Capital Region Transportation Planning Board, a component of MWCOG, is the federally-designated metropolitan planning organization for the metropolitan Washington area.[4]
Principal cities
The metropolitan area includes the following principal cities (most of which are not incorporated as cities; one, Arlington, is actually a county):
- Washington, D.C.
- Arlington, Virginia
- Alexandria, Virginia
- Bethesda, Maryland
- Bowie, Maryland
- Fairfax, Virginia
- Falls Church, Virginia
- Frederick, Maryland
- Gaithersburg, Maryland
- Germantown, Maryland
- Herndon, Virginia
- Leesburg, Virginia
- Manassas, Virginia
- Reston, Virginia
- Rockville, Maryland
- Silver Spring, Maryland
- Tysons Corner, Virginia
- Waldorf, Maryland
Demographics
Racial composition
The area has been a magnet for international in-migration since the late 1960s. It is also a magnet for internal migration (persons moving from one region of the U.S. to another).[5][dubious ] Census estimates show that persons of post-1965 immigrant stock will likely represent 25% of the region's population by 2010, forming a bigger population bloc than native blacks for the first time.[6]
Racial composition of the Washington, D.C. area:[7]
- 2006
- 1980
- White : 67.8%
- Black : 26.0%
- Asian : 2.5%
- Hispanic : 2.8%
- Mixed and Other : 0.9%
Politics
| Year | DEM | GOP | Others |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 68.0% 1,603,902 | 31.0% 728,916 | 1.0% 25,288 |
| 2004 | 61.0% 1,258,743 | 38.0% 785,144 | 1.4% 19,735 |
| 2000 | 58.5% 1,023,089 | 37.9% 663,590 | 3.6% 62,437 |
| 1996 | 57.0% 861,881 | 37.0% 558,830 | 6.0% 89,259 |
| 1992 | 53.0% 859,889 | 34.1% 553.369 | 12.9% 209,651 |
| 1988 | 50.4% 684,453 | 48.6% 659,344 | 1.0% 14,219 |
| 1984 | 51.0% 653,568 | 48.5% 621,377 | 0.4% 5,656 |
| 1980 | 44.7% 484,590 | 44.6% 482,506 | 11.1% 115,797 |
| 1976 | 54.2% 590,481 | 44.9% 488,995 | 1.0% 10,654 |
| 1972 | 44.2% 431,257 | 54.8% 534,235 | 1.1% 10,825 |
| 1968 | 49.4% 414,345 | 39.1% 327,662 | 11.5% 96,701 |
| 1964 | 69.8% 495,490 | 30.2% 214,293 | 0.1% 462 |
| 1960 | 52.5% 204,614 | 47.3% 184,499 | 0.1% 593 |
Educational attainment and affluence
The Washington, D.C. area is the most educated and affluent metropolitan area in the United States.[8] The median household income of the region is $72,800. The two highest median household income counties in the nation, Loudoun and Fairfax County, Virginia, are components of Washington–Arlington–Alexandria. 12.2% of Northern Virginia's 881,136 households, 8.5% of suburban Maryland's 799,300 households, and 8.2% of Washington's 249,805 households have an annual income in excess of $200,000, compared to 3.7% nationally.[9]
As of the 2007 American Community Survey, the three most educated places with 200,000 people or more in Washington–Arlington–Alexandria by bachelor's degree attainment (population 25 and over) are Arlington County, Virginia (67.0%), Montgomery County, Maryland (56.5%), and Fairfax County, Virginia (55.9%).[10] Forbes magazine stated in its 2008 "America's Best- And Worst-Educated Cities" report: "The D.C. area is less than half the size of L.A., but both cities have around 100,000 Ph.D.'s."[11]
Economy
The Washington, D.C. area has the largest science and engineering work force of any metropolitan area in the nation, at 324,530, ahead of the combined San Francisco and San Jose work force of 214,500, and Chicago at 203,090.[14]
Primary industries
Biotechnology
Not limited to its proximity to the National Institutes of Health, Maryland's Washington suburbs are a major center for biotechnology. Prominent local biotech companies include MedImmune, The Institute for Genomic Research, Human Genome Sciences, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Defense contracting
Many defense contractors are based in the region to be close to the Pentagon in Arlington. Local defense contractors include Lockheed Martin, the largest, as well as General Dynamics, Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC), Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), and Orbital Sciences Corporation.
Notable company headquarters in the region
(Numbers denote Fortune 500 company ranking.)
Washington, D.C.
- Black Entertainment Television
- Bureau of National Affairs
- Calibre Energy
- Carlyle Group
- Danaher 213
- Federal National Mortgage Association "Fannie Mae" 112
- National Geographic Society
- Pepco Holdings, Inc. 254
- Washington Post Company
- XM Satellite Radio
Suburban Maryland
- BAE Systems Inc. (Rockville)
- Bethesda Softworks (Rockville)
- Chevy Chase Bank (Bethesda)
- Choice Hotels (Silver Spring)
- Coventry Health Care (Bethesda) 226
- Discovery Communications (Silver Spring)
- GEICO (Chevy Chase)
- Host Hotels & Resorts (Bethesda) 449
- Hughes Network Systems (Germantown)
- Lockheed Martin (Bethesda) 54
- Marriott International (Bethesda) 208
- MedImmune (Gaithersburg)
- Radio One (Lanham)
- Ritz Carlton (Chevy Chase)
- TV One (Silver Spring)
Northern Virginia
- AES Corporation (Arlington) 158
- Airbus North America (Herndon)
- BearingPoint (McLean)
- Booz Allen Hamilton (McLean)
- CACI (Arlington)
- Capital One (McLean) 145
- Computer Sciences Corporation (Falls Church) 153
- DynCorp International (Falls Church)
- Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (McLean) "Freddie Mac" 220
- FNH USA (Fredericksburg)
- Gannett Company (McLean) 371
- General Dynamics (Falls Church) 83
- Hilton Hotels Corporation (McLean)
- Kellogg Brown and Root Services (Arlington)
- Mars, Incorporated (McLean)
- Navy Federal Credit Union (Vienna)
- NII Holdings(Reston)
- NVR Incorporated (Reston) 464
- Orbital Sciences (Dulles)
- Rolls-Royce North America (Reston)
- Space Adventures (Vienna)
- SLM Corporation (Reston) "Sallie Mae" 331
- USA Today (McLean)
- Verizon Business (Ashburn)
- Volkswagen Group of America (Herndon)
Transportation
Major airports
- Washington Dulles International Airport (IAD), located in Chantilly, Virginia – the busiest in the region
- Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA), located in Arlington County, Virginia – the closest to Washington
- Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport (BWI), located in Linthicum, Maryland – in the Baltimore Metropolitan Area
Rail transit systems
- Washington Metro – DC, MD, VA
- MARC Train – DC, MD, WV
- Virginia Railway Express – DC, VA
- Amtrak – DC, MD, VA, WV
Bus transit systems
- Metrobus – DC, MD, VA
- DC Circulator – DC
See also
- List of federal agencies in Northern Virginia
- List of federal installations in Maryland
- List of people from the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area
- List of U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) in Virginia
- Potomac primary
References
- ^ Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008
- ^ "National Capital Region - Office of National Capital Region Coordination". Department of Homeland Security. December 21, 2005. http://www.dhs.gov/xabout/content_multi_image_0019.shtm. Retrieved on 2008-01-09.
- ^ http://www.mwcog.org/about/
- ^ http://www.mwcog.org/transportation/tpb/
- ^ http://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/pubs/pdf/rr02-496.pdf "Metro Magnets for Minorities and Whites: Melting Pots, the New Sunbelt, and the Heartland", Pages 9 and 10
- ^ http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/asrh/CC-EST2007-alldata.html
- ^ http://census.gov/popest/counties/asrh/CC-EST2006-RACE6.html
- ^ Washington area richest, most educated in US: report
- ^ ACS 2005-2007
- ^ 2005-2007 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates
- ^ America's Best- And Worst-Educated Cities
- ^ High-Rises Approved That Would Dwarf D.C.
- ^ List of tallest buildings in DC, MD, VA, WV
- ^ Washington area richest, most educated in US: report
External links
- OMB Bulletin No. 05-02
- Urban Areas of Virginia
- May 2006 Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates; Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division
- May 2005 Metropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates; Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division
- Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA Population and Components of Change
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