| European Hedgehog[1] | |
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| Conservation status | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Erinaceomorpha |
| Family: | Erinaceidae |
| Subfamily: | Erinaceinae |
| Genus: | Erinaceus |
| Species: | E. europaeus |
| Binomial name | |
| Erinaceus europaeus Linnaeus, 1758 |
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The European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), is a hedgehog species found throughout the Palaearctic region, except in the Himalayas and North Africa. It is not commonly found above 60°N in latitude, except for Norway, Finland, Estonia, Sweden and the Northwestern-most parts of Russia.
This hedgehog is about 20 to 30 cm in length. Adult mass can range from 600 to 700 g after hibernation up to 1100 or 1200 g prior to hibernation; occasionally, they may reach as high as 1600 g. Males tend to be slightly longer and heavier than females.
The European Hedgehog lives in woodland, farmland, and suburban areas. It is nocturnal, and if alarmed will roll itself into a ball, protecting itself against potential predators with its spines.
Unlike the smaller, warmer climate species, the European Hedgehog may hibernate in the winter. It is omnivorous, feeding on a wide range of invertebrates, but preferring slugs, earthworms, beetles and other insects. The preferred arthropods are the millipedes Glomeris marginata and Tachypodoiulus niger as well as the ground beetle Carabus nemoralis.[3] It is also known to eat frogs, small rodents, young birds and birds' eggs.
This species has become a serious pest in the Western Isles of Scotland, where introduced hedgehogs eat the eggs of ground-nesting waders such as Snipe, Dunlin, Redshank and Lapwing. It is also considered a pest in New Zealand where it preys upon the native giant snails (Powelliphanta), weta, and various other native invertebrates
Blonde hedgehogs have a rare recessive gene giving rise to beady, button-black eyes and creamy-coloured spines; they are not strictly speaking albino. They are extremely rare except on the Channel Island of Alderney and are nicknamed "Alderney Spike Girls". A population of around a thousand is believed to exist. They allegedly carry no fleas, and are a localised island variant of Erinaceus europaeus.
A low coverage assembly of the genome of Erinaceus europaeus was released by the Broad Institute in June 2006 as part of the Mammalian Genome Project.[4]
Protection list
On August 28, 2007, the new Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) [launched in 1997] included the European Hedgehog on the list of species and habitats in the UK that need conservation and greater protection.[5][6]
In Denmark, hedgehogs are protected by law.[7] It is illegal to capture or hurt them, but it is accepted to house underweight hedgehogs found out during winter. Garden owners are encouraged to attract hedgehogs with a bit of dry cat food, to utilize their pest control abilities.
References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Erinaceus europaeus |
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Wikispecies has information related to: Erinaceus europaeus |
- ^ Hutterer, Rainer (November 16, 2005). Don E. Wilson and DeeAnn M. Reeder. ed. Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 214. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3.
- ^ Insectivore Specialist Group (1996). Erinaceus europaeus. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved on 12 May 2006. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern
- ^ B. Lundrigan & J. Bidlingmeyer (2000). "Erinaceus europaeus: European hedgehog". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Erinaceus_europaeus.html.
- ^ "Hedgehog". Ensembl Genome Browser. http://www.ensembl.org/Erinaceus_europaeus/index.html. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
- ^ BBC NEWS, Hedgehogs join 'protection' list
- ^ BAP Terrestrial Mammal List
- ^ http://www.skovognatur.dk/DyrOgPlanter/Pattedyr/Insektaedere/Pindsvin.htm The Forest and Nature Department
External links
- ARKive Photographs and Videos.
- WildlifeOnline - Natural History of the European Hedgehog
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