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Wilkes-barre

 
Dictionary: Wilkes-Bar·re   (wĭlks'băr'ē, -băr'ə) pronunciation
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A city of northeast Pennsylvania on the Susquehanna River southwest of Scranton. It was settled in 1769 and was twice burned (1778 and 1784) by the British and their allies during the American Revolution. Population: 41,300.

 

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Columbia Encyclopedia: Wilkes-Barre
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Wilkes-Barre (wĭlks-bâr'ē), city (1990 pop. 47,523), seat of Luzerne co., E Pa., on the east bank of the Susquehanna River; settled 1769, inc. as a city 1871. Once a major anthracite coal center, Wilkes-Barre has plants that produce processed food; machinery; metal, vinyl, wire, and plastic products; electrical goods; footwear; chemicals; transportation equipment; and textiles and apparel. The city was named for John Wilkes and Isaac Barré, defenders of the colonies before Parliament. The settlement was burned in 1778 by the British and Native Americans, just after the Wyoming Valley massacre; it was again burned in 1784. Wilkes-Barre is the seat of Wilkes Univ., King's College, Misericordia Univ., and a campus of Pennsylvania State Univ. The Swetland Homestead (early 1800s) is of historical interest. Much of Wilkes-Barre was severely damaged by the flooding of the Susquehanna in 1972.

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Wikipedia: Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
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City of Wilkes-Barre
Downtown skyline seen from Giants Despair Mountain
Nickname(s): The Diamond City
Motto: Pattern After Us
City of Wilkes-Barre is located in Pennsylvania
City of Wilkes-Barre
Location in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania
Coordinates: 41°14′40″N 75°52′41″W / 41.24444°N 75.87806°W / 41.24444; -75.87806Coordinates: 41°14′40″N 75°52′41″W / 41.24444°N 75.87806°W / 41.24444; -75.87806
Country United States
State Pennsylvania
County Luzerne
Founded 1769
Incorporated 1806–Borough
  1871–City
Government
 - Mayor Thomas M. Leighton (D)
Area
 - City 7.2 sq mi (18.6 km2)
 - Land 6.9 sq mi (17.7 km2)
 - Water 0.3 sq mi (0.9 km2)
Population (2000)
 - City 43,123
 - Density 6,295.2/sq mi (2,430.6/km2)
 - Metro 624,776
Time zone EST (UTC-5)
 - Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
Website www.wilkes-barre.pa.us

Wilkes-Barre (pronounced /ˈwɪlksbɛrə/ or /ˈwɪlksbɛri/) is a city in Northeastern Pennsylvania, United States. It is the county seat of Luzerne County and the central city of the Wyoming Valley. Founded in 1769 and formally incorporated in 1806, the city has an estimated population of 43,123, according to the 2000 census. Wilkes-Barre is also one of the core cities of the Scranton-Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area which has an estimated 2007 population of 549,430.[1]

Wilkes-Barre and surrounding Wyoming Valley are framed by the Pocono Mountains to the east, the Endless Mountains to the west and the Lehigh Valley to the south. The Susquehanna River flows through the center of the valley and defines the northwestern border of the city.

Contents

History

Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, as depicted on an 1889 panoramic map

Beginnings

The Wyoming Valley was first inhabited by the Shawanese and Delaware Indian tribes in the early 1700s. By 1769, a group, led by John Durkee, became the first Europeans to reach the area. The settlement was named Wilkes-Barre after John Wilkes and Isaac Barré, two British members of Parliament who supported colonial America.

The initial settlers were aligned with Connecticut, which had a claim on the land that rivaled Pennsylvania's. Armed men loyal to Pennsylvania twice attempted to evict the residents of Wilkes-Barre in what came to be known as the Pennamite Wars. After the American Revolution, the conflict was resolved so that the settlers retained title to their lands but transferred their allegiance to Pennsylvania.

Industrial foundations: manufacturing, coal and railroads

Wilkes-Barre's population exploded due to the discovery of anthracite coal in the 1800s, which gave the city the nickname of "The Diamond City." Hundreds of thousands of immigrants flocked to the city, seeking jobs in the numerous mines and collieries that sprung up.

20th century

South Main Street c. 1906

The coal industry survived several disasters, including an explosion at the Baltimore Colliery in 1919 that killed 92 miners, but it could not survive the gradual switch to other energy sources. Most coal operations left Wilkes-Barre by the end of World War II, and the 1959 Knox Mine Disaster marked the end of King Coal's heyday. The city entered into a decades-long decline, hastened by Hurricane Agnes in 1972.

Disastrous flooding

Manufacturing and retail remained Wilkes-Barre's strongest industries, but the city's economy took a major blow from Tropical Storm Agnes in 1972. The storm pushed the Susquehanna River to a height of nearly 41 feet, four feet above the city's levees, flooding downtown with nine feet of water. While no lives were lost, 25,000 homes and businesses were either damaged or destroyed, and damages were estimated to be $1 billion, with President Richard Nixon sending aid to the area.

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Wilkes-Barre attempted to repair the damage from Agnes by building a levee system that rises 41 feet; it has successfully battled less threatening floods of 1996, 2004, and 2006, and the Army Corps of Engineers has praised the quality of the levees.

21st century

The landmark Sterling Hotel at the corner of West Market and River streets

On June 9, 2005, Mayor Thomas M. Leighton unveiled his I believe... campaign for Wilkes-Barre, which was intended to boost the city's spirits. Construction began on a planned downtown theatre complex which had a grand opening on June 30, 2006, and renovation of the landmark Hotel Sterling was being pursued by CityVest, a nonprofit developer. The expansion of Wilkes University and King's College has taken place. Also, the canopy and matching street lights in Public Square and across downtown were removed; the replacements are new green lampposts.

In 2006, the City of Wilkes-Barre celebrated its 200th anniversary. There were several events which were scheduled to commemorate this occasion over the July 4 weekend, including a free concert with the Beach Boys in the city's Kirby Park. However, due to extremely heavy rains, the Susquehanna River crested high enough that most of the city had to be evacuated on June 28, 2006, forcing the cancellation of the events. Afterwards, the city rescheduled their Bicentennial Blastoff, their Bicentennial Parade and the Bicentennial Gala to different dates throughout August. The Beach Boys graciously rescheduled their concert and played a Kirby Park concert on Labor Day Weekend, Sunday September 3, 2006, attended by Pennsylvania Governor Ed Rendell.

Government

Luzerne County Courthouse seen from River Commons

Executive

See also: List of mayors of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania

The city is headed by a mayor, elected to a four-year term. The current mayor is Tom Leighton, a Democrat who was first elected to office in 2003.

Legislative

The legislative branch of Wilkes-Barre is the City Council, comprising five members who are elected by district to four-year terms. Current members of Council are: Chairperson Tony Thomas Jr.; Vice Chairperson Kathy Kane; Bill Barrett (former Wilkes-Barre police chief); Rick Cronauer; and Michael Merritt.

Judicial

The City of Wilkes-Barre is served by two City Attorneys, Timothy Henry, Esquire and William E. Vinsko, Jr., Esquire, who advise both the Mayor and City Council.

The Luzerne County Court of Common Pleas is the trial court of general jurisdiction for Wilkes-Barre. Its probation system is divided into two divisions; one for adults, and one for juveniles.

The U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania sits at the Max Rosenn United States Courthouse in downtown Wilkes-Barre on South Main Street. The Chief Judge of the Bankruptcy Court, John J. Thomas, is son of Thomas C. Thomas, a prominent produce dealer whose terminal remains a prominent part of the Wilkes-Barre skyline.

Demographics

Historical populations
Census Pop.  %±
1810 1,225
—
1820 755 −38.4%
1840 1,718
—
1850 2,723 58.5%
1860 4,253 56.2%
1870 10,174 139.2%
1880 23,339 129.4%
1890 37,718 61.6%
1900 51,721 37.1%
1910 67,105 29.7%
1920 73,833 10.0%
1930 86,626 17.3%
1940 86,236 −0.5%
1950 76,826 −10.9%
1960 63,068 −17.9%
1970 58,856 −6.7%
1980 51,551 −12.4%
1990 47,523 −7.8%
2000 43,123 −9.3%
Est. 2008 40,932 −5.1%

As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 43,123 people, 17,961 households, and 9,878 families residing in the city. The population density was 6,296.3 people per square mile (2,430.6/km²). There were 20,294 housing units at an average density of 2,963.1/sq mi (1,143.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 92.30% White, 5.09% African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.79% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.53% from other races, and 1.15% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.58% of the population.

The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the city the population was spread out with 19.9% under the age of 18, 12.6% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 20.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.7 males.

The local accent of American English is Northeast Pennsylvania English.

Geography

Wilkes-Barre is located at 41°14′40″N 75°52′41″W / 41.244581°N 75.877918°W / 41.244581; -75.877918.[3]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.2 square miles (18.6 km²).6.8 square miles (17.7 km²) of it is land and 0.3 square miles (0.9 km²) of it is water. The total area is 4.60% water. While the Susquehanna River has a wide floodplain that has necessitated the construction of floodwalls to protect a large percentage of the city, the areas away from the river increase in elevation approaching Wilkes-Barre Mountain.

Adjacent municipalities

Roads, railways and transportation

Interstate 81 passes north-south near Wilkes-Barre, and the city is also located near the Northeast Extension of the Pennsylvania Turnpike and is north of Interstate 80.

Public transportation is provided by the Luzerne County Transportation Authority. In addition to servicing the main arteries of the city, it provides transportation for the northern half of the county, as well as a connecting bus to Scranton via an interchange at Pittston with COLTS, the public transit authority of Lackawanna County.

Five international airlines fly from the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton International Airport in nearby Avoca. Smaller, private planes may also use the Wilkes-Barre Wyoming Valley Airport in Forty Fort.

The city was at one time served by the Lehigh Valley Railroad, Central Railroad of New Jersey, the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (later Erie Lackawanna Railway), Delaware and Hudson Railway, the Pennsylvania Railroad, the Wilkes-Barre and Eastern Railroad, and the Lackawanna and Wyoming Valley Railroad (known as the Laurel Line). The Wilkes-Barre Traction Company formed a streetcar line from Georgetown to Nanticoke and over the river into Plymouth ceasing operations in the mid 1940s. At present, the Canadian Pacific Railway (successor to the Delaware and Hudson) and the Luzerne & Susquehanna Railroad (designated-operator of a county-owned shortline) provide freight service within the city.


v • d • e
Roads of the Wyoming Valley
Interstate Highways
I-80, I-81, I-84, I-380, I-476 (Northeast Extension of the Pennsylvania Turnpike)
Expressways
U.S. Routes
Pennsylvania Routes

Local attractions

The skyline at night

Colleges and universities

High schools

Professional sports

Local media

Downtown panorama from Laurel Run

Television

Radio

Large Employers not otherwise mentioned

  • Guard Insurance Group
  • Lord & Taylor Distribution Center
  • Benco Dental Supply Co


Club League Venue Established Parent Club League
Championships
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees IL, Baseball PNC Field 1937 New York Yankees 2
Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins AHL, Ice hockey Wachovia Arena at Casey Plaza 1999 Pittsburgh Penguins 0
v • d • e
Radio stations in the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania market
By FM frequency
88.3 · 88.5 · 89.9 · 90.3 · 90.7 · 90.9 · 91.3 · 91.7 · 92.1 · 92.9 · 93.5 · 93.7 · 94.3 · 95.7 · 96.5 · 97.1 · 97.9 · 98.5 · 99.5 · 100.1 · 101.3 · 102.3 · 103.1 · 104.9 · 105.9 · 106.9 · 107.7 · 107.9
By AM frequency
590 · 630 · 730 · 750 · 800 · 910 · 980 · 1240 · 1280 · 1300 · 1340 · 1400  · 1440 · 1460 · 1490 · 1550 · 1590 · 1640
By callsign
WARM · WAZL · WBAX · WBHT · WBHD · WBSX · WBZU · WCDL · WCIG · WCLH · WDMT · WEJL · WEZX · WPZX · WFBS · WFTE · WFUZ · WGGY · WGMF · WICK · WILK · WILK-FM · WITK · WKRF · WKRZ · WKZN · WLKA · WLNP · WMGS · WNAK · WPEL · WPEL-FM · WPNX700  · WPSN · WQFM · WQFN · WQOR · WRKC · WSBG · WSJR · WUSR · WVIA-FM · WVMW · WWRR · WYCK · WZZH

Miscellany

  • HBO recognizes Wilkes-Barre as the birthplace of modern cable programming. In November 1972 (coincidentally the autumn that followed Hurricane Agnes), 365 subscribers of Service Electric Cable were the first to receive HBO's service.
  • Wilkes-Barre was a stop on the Underground Railroad before the Civil War.
  • Louis Philippe, the King of France from 1830 to 1840, stayed in Wilkes-Barre while traveling en route to the French Asylum settlement in 1797.
  • Wilkes-Barre has been a popular stop for many presidential candidates: U.S. presidents Rutherford B. Hayes, Grover Cleveland, Theodore Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Barack Obama.
  • Described by many today as one of America's more "historical cities", Wilkes-Barre has gained considerable bad press (although it is not a major nationally recognized location) since the Knox Mine Disaster. In the 1960 presidential campaign, it garnered attention for its high levels of poverty. In 1972, the damage done by the Agnes flood made international headlines. In the 1990s, the city became known for the poor leadership of Mayor McGroarty. In 2001, a Washington Post columnist described Wilkes-Barre as "awful" and "next-door" Scranton as "awfuler", describing the area as one of the worst metropolitan areas in the United States[4]. In 2006, the city made the front page of national newspapers when 200,000 residents were told to evacuate in the wake of flooding that was forecast to reach levels near that of '72 but fell short of predictions.
  • Wilkes-Barre is the birthplace of the Planters Peanuts Company, which was founded in 1906 by Italian immigrant Amedo Obici and partner Mario Peruzzi.
  • It is said that one of the longest home runs in history was hit in Wilkes-Barre. This statement is quoted right from the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees News page:"On October 12, 1926, Babe Ruth visited Wilkes-Barre's Artillery Park to play in an exhibition game between Hughestown and Larksville. Suiting up for Hughestown, the Yankee slugger challenged Larksville's hurler Ernie Corkran to throw him his "best stuff" – a fastball right down the heart of the plate. Corkran obliged and Ruth crushed the pitch into deep right field. When the ball cleared the fence, a good 400 feet away from home plate, it was still rising. It finally landed in Kirby Park on the far side of a high school running track. Ruth himself was so impressed by the feat that he asked that his homer be measured. Originally estimated at 650 feet, the prodigious blast is considered to be the longest home run in baseball's storied history.[5]
  • The Wilkes-Barre variation (or Traxler variation, as it is more commonly known) of the Two Knights' Defense is named for the Wilkes-Barre chess club.[6]
  • Bingo was popularized after a Wilkes-Barre church preacher approached the game's developer complaining that the original game was not random enough in its potential picks to limit winners. The resulting improvements, in response to that complaint, led directly to the cultural success of the game. [7]

Notable natives and residents

Riverfront

See also

References

  1. ^ Table 7. Cumulative Estimates of Population Change for Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Rankings: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007, U.S. Census Bureau, 2007. Retrieved 04 September 2008.
  2. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  3. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2005-05-03. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  4. ^ Weingarten, Gene (2001-12-02). "Why Not the Worst?". Washington Post. p. W12. http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A31628-2001Nov28. Retrieved 2009-02-05. 
  5. ^ Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees
  6. ^ this article by Alex Dunne.
  7. ^ History of Bingo.
  8. ^ Kahn, S. "Modeling: Money and Madness!", Teen, December 1963.
  9. ^ Flint, Peter B. "Candy Jones Dies; Ex-Model, Teacher, And Writer Was 64", The New York Times, January 19, 1990. Retrieved December 20, 2007.
  10. ^ Andrew Blankstein (March 28, 2005). "Attorney Makes Mark by Taking Cases That Others Avoid". Los Angeles Times. http://8.12.42.31/2005/mar/28/local/me-profile28. 
  11. ^ Ira Wells Wood, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 6, 2007.

External links

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Municipalities and communities of
Luzerne County, Pennsylvania
County seat: Wilkes-Barre
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This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

 
 

 

Copyrights:

Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/.  Read more
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