| Columbia Encyclopedia: Windsor |
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| Weather: Windsor |
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Temperature: 45°F /
7°C
RealFeel Temperature™: 41°F / 5°C Humidity: 62% Winds: S 7 mph / 11 kmh Pressure: 29.78" Visibility: 10 mi. / 16 km |
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12°C LO: 42°F / 5°C |
| Monday |
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51°F /
10°C LO: 31°F / 0°C |
| Tuesday |
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46°F /
7°C LO: 30°F / -1°C |
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| Wikipedia: Windsor, Connecticut |
| Windsor, Connecticut | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — Town — | |||
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| Motto: First in Connecticut, First for its Citizens | |||
| Location in Hartford County, Connecticut | |||
| Coordinates: 41°51′10″N 72°38′35″W / 41.85278°N 72.64306°WCoordinates: 41°51′10″N 72°38′35″W / 41.85278°N 72.64306°W | |||
| NECTA | Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford | ||
| Region | Capitol Region | ||
| Settled | 1633 | ||
| Named | 1637 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Type | Council-manager[1] | ||
| - Town manager | Peter Souza | ||
| - Town council | Donald S. Trinks, Mayor; Al Simon, Deputy Mayor; Robert B. Gegetskas II; William H. Herzfeld; Donald A. Jepsen, Jr.; Ronald Eleveld; Randy McKenney; Matthew Marci; Robert Rispoli |
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| Area | |||
| - Total | 31.1 sq mi (80.5 km2) | ||
| - Land | 29.6 sq mi (76.7 km2) | ||
| - Water | 1.5 sq mi (3.9 km2) | ||
| Elevation | 55 ft (17.37 m) | ||
| Population (2005)[2] | |||
| - Total | 28,778 | ||
| - Density | 972/sq mi (375/km2) | ||
| Time zone | Eastern (UTC-5) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | Eastern (UTC-4) | ||
| ZIP code | 06095 | ||
| Area Code | 860 | ||
| FIPS code | 09-87000 | ||
| GNIS feature ID | 0212354 | ||
| Website | http://www.townofwindsorct.com/ | ||
| Elevation noted at Town Hall.[3][4] | |||
Windsor is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States, and was the first English settlement in the state. It lies on the northern border of Connecticut's capital, Hartford. The population was estimated at 28,778 in 2005.[2]
Poquonock is a northern area of Windsor that has its own zip code (06064) for PO Box purposes.[5] Other areas in Windsor, which are not incorporated, include Rainbow and Hayden Station in the north, and Wilson and Deerfield in the south.
The Day Hill Road area is known as Windsor's Corporate Area, although other centers of business include New England Tradeport, Kennedy Industry Park and Kennedy Business Park, all near Bradley International Airport and the Addison Road Industrial Park.
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During the first part of the Seventeenth Century, the Pequot and Mohawk Nations had been at war, catching the Podunk Indians in the crossfire and forcing them to pay tribute to the Pequots, who claimed their land. Eventually, the Podunk invited a small party of settlers from Plymouth, Massachusetts to provide a mediating force between the other tribes, in exchange granting them a plot of land at the confluence of the Farmington River and the west side of the Connecticut River. After Edward Winslow came from Plymouth to inspect the land, William Holmes led a small party, arriving at the site on September 26, 1633 where they founded a trading post.
Native Americans referred to the area as Matianuck. It was about 50 miles (80 km) up river, at the end of waters navigable by ship and above the Dutch fort at Hartford, offering an advantageous location to trade with the Indians before the Dutch. (The Sicaog tribe had made a similar offer to mediate to the Dutch in New Amsterdam, but they had declined to send settlers, their interest in Connecticut having been limited to the fur trade.)
In 1635, 60 or more people led by the Reverends Maverick and Warham arrived, having trekked overland from Dorchester, Massachusetts, where they had first settled after arriving in the New World five years earlier on the ship "Mary and John" from Plymouth, England.[6] Reverend Warham promptly renamed the settlement Dorchester. During the next few years, more settlers arrived from Dorchester, Massachusetts outnumbering and soon displacing the original Plymouth contingent, who mostly returned to Plymouth.
In 1637, the colony's General Court changed the name of the settlement from Dorchester to Windsor,[7] named after the town of Windsor England on the River Thames. As with all such names dating back many centuries, there are many claims as to the derivation of the name. These include a corruption of the Saxon words 'windlass Oran,' meaning a bank of a river with a windlass.[citation needed] From Windlesore, or 'Winding Shores,' where boats were pulled by windlass ('windles') up the river. From 'winding' meaning 'meandering' shores. And from 'a sore wind,' referring to the wind that blew across the mound upon which Windsor Castle, England was built. But the latter fails on chronological grounds.[8]
Several towns that border Windsor were once entirely or partially part of Windsor including: Windsor Locks; South Windsor; East Windsor; Ellington, (which was later part of East Windsor); and Bloomfield, (originally called "Wintonbury"; a composite of the town names Windsor, Farmington and Simsbury).[9]
The first "highway" in Connecticut opened in 1638 between Windsor and Hartford. As other towns were settled further up the Connecticut river, such as Springfield, Massachusetts and Northampton, Massachusetts, trading routes were extended to them.
The Hartford & Springfield Street Railway connected with the Conn. Co. in Windsor Center until 1925. Buses replaced trolleys between Rainbow (a northern section of Windsor) and Windsor Center in 1930; cars continued to run from Windsor to Hartford until 1940.[10]
These original Windsor settlers have many descendants around the country and beyond. Many are members of The Descendants of the Founders of Ancient Windsor (DFAW).
The Windsor Historical Society was founded in 1921 to collect and preserve records, facts and materials related to the history and the citizens of Windsor; to identify, preserve, and mark buildings and locations of historic interest, to record current history for future generations; to publish documents and pamphlets relating to Windsor, and to prepare for the observance of the Tercentenary of Windsor in 1933.
The Society offers permanent and changing exhibitions about Windsor, its local people, and artifacts. Education programs provide audiences with interactive, inquiry-based learning.The public can visit a research library and manuscript collection which houses over 12,000 books and other archival materials such as historic Windsor photographs, documents, ephemera, and genealogical materials. Over 11,000 objects are housed in the museum collections ranging from furniture and decorative arts to tools, arrowheads, and textiles. The John and Sarah Strong House, built in 1758, and the Dr. Hezekiah Chaffee House, built in 1767, are open to the public. The Society also has a Hands-on-History Learning Center for families and a museum gift shop. The Windsor Historical Society is open year round, Tuesday through Saturday from 10 AM to 4 PM.
On historic Palisado Avenue, one can find the First Church In Windsor, Congregational and adjacent graveyard.[11]
Across the street on the Palisado green stands a statue of John Mason (a founder of Windsor and colonial leader in the Pequot War).
Further north is the home of Oliver Ellsworth, third Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court.[12]
The town center is well-planned in comparison to many of the others in the Greater Hartford area, including a relative diversity of chains and local shops, as well as a recently restored Amtrak station that dates to the 1850s.
The Vintage Radio and Communications Museum of Connecticut is also located in Windsor.[13]
Windsor is home to the following locations on the National Register of Historic Places:[14]
Tobacco farming in Connecticut has a long history. When the first settlers came to the valley in the 1630s, tobacco was already being grown by the native population. By 1700, tobacco was being exported via the Connecticut River to European ports. The use of Connecticut tobacco as a cigar wrapper leaf began in the 1820s. By the 1830s, tobacco farmers were experimenting with different seeds and processing techniques.[16]
Area farmers grew tobacco for the two outside layers of cigars, the binder and the wrapper. A tobacco leaf type named Shoestring, then Broadleaf and Havana Seed were used. In the late 1800s a fine grained leaf type imported from Sumatra began to replace the wrapper from the Connecticut River valley. The tobacco farmers matched the Sumatran leaf by making shade tents of cloth to cut sunlight and raise humidity. The first tent was raised in 1900 on River Street in Windsor.[17] Windsor tobacco leaves are highly prized by fine cigar makers, and are used as the cigar's outer wrapping. The former president of U.S. operations for Davidoff, a Swiss maker of luxury goods company including premium Cuban cigars, praised Connecticut shade tobacco as "A nice Connecticut wrapper" and "…very silky, very fine. From a marketing point of view, it is considered at the moment to be one of the best tasting and looking wrappers available" in a Cigar Aficionado article on why the world's best cigars use Connecticut tobacco wrapper leaves.[16]
The technique of growing shade tobacco has changed little in the past hundred years. To form the shade tents, a tobacco field is set with posts in a grid layout. Wires are stretched from post to post, and a light, durable fabric (once cotton but now a synthetic fiber) is tied across them and draped along the sides. For example, twenty posts in four rows of five will create twelve square cells in three rows of four. Two guy-wires hold up Under the tents the sunlight is soft and diffused the air is humid and the ambient temperature is slightly warmer than outside. Filtering the sun produces a thinner and more elastic tobacco leaf that cures to a lighter, even color.
At its height, there was greater than 15,000 acres (61 km2) of tobacco being cultivated under shade in the Connecticut River valley. Currently, the amount of tobacco being grown in the valley is just over a steady 2,000 acres (8.1 km2).[17] Approximately 34,000 acres (140 km²) of land in Connecticut is covered by Windsor Soil, named after the town.[18]
The movie "Parrish", starring Troy Donoahue and Karl Malden, was set in the tobacco farms of Windsor, and filmed here in 1961.
While much of the Day Hill Road section of town has been given over to industry, the long red wooden sheds that are used to store and dry the tobacco are still noticeable. The Connecticut Valley Tobacco Museum[17] containing authentic farming implements and tools can be found at Northwest Park located in Windsor.[19]
Windsor's highest point is on Day Hill at 230 feet (70 m).[42]
Windsor's lowest point is at the Connecticut River shore at 5 feet (2 m).[42] The Connecticut River defines Windsor's east border. The city of Hartford, the Capital of Connecticut, is adjacent to Windsor to the south. The town of Windsor Locks, home of Bradley International Airport, is adjacent to Windsor to the north. Prior to its incorporation in 1854, it was known as the Pine Meadow section of Windsor. The towns of East Windsor and South Windsor are on east side of the Connecticut River, which defines Windsor's eastern border. The town of Bloomfield is to the west. The town of East Granby is to the northwest.
Windsor is two towns, approximately 20 minutes, south from Massachusetts.
The Farmington River joins the Connecticut River in Windsor. The Farmington River is dammed in the northwest corner of Windsor to form the 234-acre (0.95 km2) Rainbow Reservoir.[43]
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1850 | 3294 |
| 1900 | 3614 |
| 1950 | 11833 |
| 2000 | 28237 [44] |
Population density was 368.0/km² (953.0/sq mi).
In the town the population was spread out with 24.6% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.5 males. 7,604 families residing in the town. 10,900 housing units at an average density of 367.9/sq mi (142.0/km²). 10,577 households out of which 32.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.7% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.1% were non-families.
23.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.10.
In the 2000 U.S. Census, median income for a household in the town was $64,137, and median income for a family was $73,064. ($76,637 and $84,510, respectively, as of a 2007 estimate[45]). Males had a median income of $45,443 versus $37,476 for females (2000).
Windsor was one of a handful of towns in the country where, in the United States Census, 2000, median income for black households ($64,159) was larger than white households ($63,624). Asian households had a median income of $75,716. Hispanic or Latino (of any race) households has a median income of $69,808.[46]
The per capita income for the town was $27,633 (risen to $33,242, in 2007 census estimate[45]). About 2.2% of families and 3.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.3% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over.
Racial makeup of the town was
Windsor High School has 1471 students enrolled and demographics for 2004-2005 were:
Connecticut House of Representatives:
United States House of Representatives:
| Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of October 28, 2008[53] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Active Voters | Inactive Voters | Total Voters | |
| Democratic | 9,338 | 283 | 9,621 | |
| Republican | 2,961 | 149 | 3,110 | |
| Unaffiliated | 7,659 | 471 | 8,130 | |
| Minor Parties | 27 | 0 | 27 | |
| Total | 19,985 | 903 | 20,888 | |
Minor party registrations in Windsor include Green and Libertarian.
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