| R-1820 | |
|---|---|
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| Curtiss-Wright R-1820 Cyclone Radial Engine | |
| Type | Radial engine |
| National origin | United States |
| Manufacturer | Wright Aeronautical |
| First run | 1930's |
| Major applications | B-17 Flying Fortress |
| Variants | Shvetsov M-25 |
The Wright R-1820 Cyclone 9 was an American radial engine developed by Curtiss-Wright and widely used on 1930s through 1950s aircraft.
Contents |
Design and development
The R-1820 Cyclone 9 represented a further development of the Wright P-2 engine dating back to 1925. Featuring a greater displacement and a host of improvements, the R-1820 entered production in 1931. The engine remained in production well into the 1950s.
The R-1820 was built under license by Lycoming, Pratt & Whitney Canada and also, during World War II, by the Studebaker Corporation. The Soviet Union had purchased a license for the design, and the Shvetsov OKB was formed to produce the engine as the M-25.
The R-1820 was at the heart of many famous aircraft including the early Douglas airliners (prototype DC-1, the DC-2, earliest civilian versions of the DC-3, and the limited-production DC-5), B-17 Flying Fortress and SBD Dauntless bombers, the early versions of the Polikarpov I-16 fighter (as M-25), and the Piasecki H-21 helicopter.
The R-1820 also found limited use in armored vehicles in two forms. The G-200 was a nine-cylinder gas-burning radial that developed 900 hp @ 2,300 rpm and powered the M6 Heavy Tank. The Wright RD-1820 was converted to a diesel by Caterpillar Inc. as the D-200 and produced 450 hp @ 2,000 rpm in the M4A6 Sherman.
Models/Variants
Unit numbers ending in/with W indicate engines fitted with water-methanol emergency power boost system.
- R-1820-04 - 700 hp (522 kW)
- R-1820-1 - 575 hp (429 kW)
- R-1820-4 - 770 hp (574 kW)
- R-1820-19 - 675 hp (503 kW)
- R-1820-22 - 950 hp (708 kW)
- R-1820-25 - 675 hp (503 kW) , 750 hp (559 kW), 775 hp (578 kW)
- R-1820-32 - 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- XR-1820-32 - 800 hp (596 kW)
- R-1820-33 - 775 hp (578 kW)
- R-1820-34 - 940 hp (701 kW) , 950 hp (708 kW)
- R-1820-34A - 1,200 hp (895 kW)
- R-1820-40 - 1,100 hp (820 kW), 1,200 hp (895 kW)
- R-1820-41 - 850 hp (634 kW)
- R-1820-45 - 800 hp (596 kW) , 930 hp (694 kW)
- R-1820-50 - 850 hp (634 kW)
- R-1820-52 - 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-53 - 930 hp (694 kW), 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-56 - 1,200 hp (895 kW), 1,350 hp (1,007 kW)
- R-1820-57 - 1,060 hp (790 kW)
- R-1820-60 - 1,200 hp (895 kW)
- R-1820-62 - 1,350 hp (1,007 kW)
- R-1820-66 - 1,200 hp (895 kW), 1,350 hp (1,007 kW)
- R-1820-72W - 1,350 hp (1,007 kW) , 1,425 hp (1,063 kW)
- R-1820-74W - 1,500 hp (1,118 kW)
- R-1820-76A,B,C,D - 1,425 hp (1,063 kW)
- R-1820-78 - 700 hp (522 kW)
- R-1820-80 - 700 hp (522 kW), 1,535 hp (1,145 kW)
- R-1820-82WA - 1,525 hp (1,137 kW)
- R-1820-86 - 1,425 hp (1,063 kW)
- R-1820-97 - 1,200 hp (895 kW), Fitted with turbosupercharger
- R-1820-103 - 1,425 hp (1,063 kW)
- SCR-1820-F3 - 710 hp (529 kW) , 720 hp (537 kW)
- SCR-1820-F2 - 720 hp (537 kW)
- R-1820-F53 -770 hp (574 kW)
- R-1820-F56 - 790 hp (589 kW)
- GR-1820-G2 - 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-G3 - 840 hp (626 kW)
- R-1820-G5 - 950 hp (708 kW)
- R-1820-G101 - 1,100 hp (820 kW)
- R-1820-G102 - 775 hp (578 kW)
- GR-1820-G102A - 1,100 hp (820 kW)
- R-1820-G102A - 1,100 hp (820 kW)
- R-1820-G102A - 1,100 hp (820 kW)
- 'R-1820-G202A - 1,200 hp (895 kW)
- R-1820-G103 - 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-G105 - 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-G205A - 1,200 hp (895 kW)
Applications
- Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress
- Boeing C-75
- Brewster F2A
- Curtiss SBC Helldiver
- Curtiss SC Seahawk
- Curtiss-Wright CW-21
- Douglas A-33
- Douglas B-18
- Douglas DC-2
- Douglas DC-3 (DST, G-102 and G-202)
- Douglas DC-5
- Douglas SBD Dauntless
- FMA AeMB.2 Bombi
- General Motors FM-2 Wildcat
- Grumman HU-16 Albatross
- Grumman J2F Duck
- Grumman S-2 Tracker
- Lockheed Lodestar
- Lockheed Hudson
- Martin B-10
- North American O-47
- North American P-64
- North American T-28 Trojan
- Piasecki H-21
- Ryan FR Fireball
- Sikorsky H-34 Choctaw
Vehicles
Specifications (GR-1820-G2)
Data from [1]
General characteristics
- Type: Nine-cylinder single-row supercharged air-cooled radial engine
- Bore: 6.125 in (155.6 mm)
- Stroke: 6.875 in (174 mm)
- Displacement: 1,823 in³ (29.88 L)
- Length: 47.76 in (1,213 mm)
- Diameter: 54.25 in (1,378 mm)
- Dry weight: 1,184 lb (537 kg)
Components
- Valvetrain: Two overhead valves per cylinder with sodium-filled exhaust valve
- Supercharger: Single-speed General Electric centrifugal type supercharger, blower ratio 7.134:1
- Fuel system: Stromberg PD12K10 downdraft carburetor with automatic mixture control
- Fuel type: 87 octane rating gasoline
- Oil system: Dry sump with one pressure and one scavenging pump
- Cooling system: Air-cooled
Performance
- Power output: 1,000 hp (746 kW) at 2,200 rpm for takeoff
- Specific power: 0.46 hp/in³ (20.88 kW/L)
- Compression ratio: 6.45:1
- Specific fuel consumption: 0.6 lb/(hp•h) (362 g/(kW•h))
- Oil consumption: 0.35-0.39 oz/(hp•h) (13-15 g/(kW•h))
- Power-to-weight ratio: 0.84 hp/lb (1.39 kW/kg)
See also
Related development
- Wright Cyclone family
- Wright R-1300 Cyclone 7
- Wright R-2600 Cyclone 14
- Wright R-3350 Cyclone 18 (Duplex Cyclone)
- Shvetsov M-25
- Shvetsov ASh-62
Comparable engines
Related lists
References
- ^ Tsygulev (1939). Aviacionnye motory voennykh vozdushnykh sil inostrannykh gosudarstv (Russian: Авиационные моторы военных воздушных сил иностранных государств). Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe voennoe izdatelstvo Narkomata Oborony Soyuza SSR. http://base13.glasnet.ru/text/aviamotory/t.htm.
- Bridgman, L, (ed.) (1998) Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. Crescent. ISBN 0-517-67964-7
- Eden, Paul & Soph Moeng, The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Amber Books Ltd. Bradley's Close, 74-77 White Lion Street, London, NI 9PF, 2002, ISBN 0-7607-3432-1), 1152 pp.
- "Aircraft Engines in Armored Vehicles". http://www.enginehistory.org/featured_engines.htm. Retrieved 2006-10-03.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Wright R-1820 |
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