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Yang di-Pertuan Negara, meaning "Head of State" in Malay, was used as an official title at various times in Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei.
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Singapore
In 1959, following revisions to the Constitution, which granted Singapore internal self-government, the ceremonial post of Yang di-Pertuan Negara replaced the British colonial Governor. Although literally meaning head of state, the Yang di-Pertuan Negara acts as the representative of the British monarch[1], similar to Governors-General of Commonwealth realms.
Under a transitional arrangement, the last Governor of Singapore, Sir William Allmond Codrington Goode, served as the first Yang di-Pertuan Negara from June 3, 1959 to December 3, 1959. He was succeeded by Yusof bin Ishak, who was sworn into office on the same day as the country's national flag, coat of arms, and national anthem were adopted.
The title was retained when Singapore became the fourteenth state of Malaysia in 1963, and acts as the representative of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.
On August 9, 1965, Singapore was separated from the federation to become an independent nation. On December 22 of that year, the Constitution was amended, changing the title to President with retroactive effect from the date of independence.
- William Goode - June 3, 1959 to December 3, 1959
- Yusof bin Ishak - December 3, 1959 to August 9, 1965
Brunei
In Brunei, the Sultan of Brunei is also known as the Yang di-Pertuan Negara of Brunei.
Sabah
In the Malaysian state of Sabah, the Governor of Sabah was known by the formal title of Yang di-Pertuan Negara from 1963 until 1976 when the office was retitled Yang di-Pertua Negeri.
See also
References
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