23rd century BC

Communication

A map of the city of Lagash in Mesopotamia is carved in stone in the lap of a statue of a god; it is the oldest surviving map of a city. According to legend, Sargon of Akkad also produces maps in Mesopotamia for land taxation purposes. See also 6200 bce Communication; 1500 bce Communication.

At its height, the Indus River (Pakistan) civilization we call Harappan is led by two nearly identical cities laid out with straight streets on north-south grids -- Harappa on an inland tributary of the Indus and Mohenjo-Daro, 560 km (350 mi) to the south, on the lower Indus. Both cities have public buildings of fired brick, while personal dwellings or landfill are of sun-dried brick, uniformly made in each city. Houses are constructed around interior courtyards with the rooms plastered inside with mud or gypsum. Most houses feature indoor toilets and places where people can wash themselves with water carried in pitchers, often from wells inside the house. All bath facilities flow into a municipal sewage system that runs beneath major streets. Solid waste is collected in bins in the streets connected by trash chutes to the interior of houses. See also 2350 bce Transportation; 1750 bce Archaeology.

A clay figurine of a domestic horse from Tell Es-Sweyhat about 320 km (200 mi) north of Damascus, Syria, is the best early horse sculpture known and confirms domestication (other evidence suggests that the horse was originally domesticated much earlier). Thomas Holland, who directed the expedition that found the horse in 1992, believes that the principal use of the horse in the Middle East at this time was in the breeding of mules, favored for pulling chariots (although horses also pulled chariots at the time as well). See also 3500 bce Transportation; 300 bce Transportation.

People in Central America make pottery. See also 7000 bce Materials.

Millennium:	3rd millennium BC
Centuries:	24th century BC · 23rd century BC · 22nd century BC
Decades:	2290s BC 2280s BC 2270s BC 2260s BC 2250s BC 2240s BC 2230s BC 2220s BC 2210s BC 2200s BC
Categories:	Births – Deaths Establishments – Disestablishments

The 23rd century BC is a century which lasted from the year 2300 BC to 2201 BC.

Contents 1 Events 2 Significant persons 3 Births 4 Deaths 5 Decades and years 6 References

Events

Ruins of the pyramid complex of Pepi II, the longest reigning monarch in recorded history

• 2334 BC – 2279 BC: (short chronology) Sargon of Akkad's conquest of Mesopotamia.
• 2333 BC: Beginning of the Gojoseon, the first dynasty and government system in Korea.
• c. 2300 BC: Bronze Age starts.
• c. 2300 BC – 2184 BC: Disk of Enheduanna, from Ur, (modern Muqaiyir, Iraq) is made. It is now in University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
• c. 2300 BC – 2200 BC: Head of a man from Nineveh (modern Kuyunjik, Iraq) is made. It is now in Iraq Museum, Baghdad.
• c. 2300 BC: Canal Bahr Yusuf (current name) is created when the waterway from the Nile to the natural lake (now Lake Moeris) is widened and deepened to create a canal.
• c. 2289 BC: Pepi II Neferkare, the longest reigning monarch of all time, dies at the age of 100 after 94 years of rule.
• c. 2288 BC – 2224/2194 BC: Pepy II and his mother, Queen Merye-ankhnes, Sixth dynasty of Egypt, is made. It is now at The Brooklyn Museum of Art, New York.
• c. 2285 BC: Enheduanna, high priestess of the moon god Nanna in Ur, was born.
• c. 2254 BC – 2218 BC: Stela of Naram-Sin, probably from Sippar, discovered in Susa (modern Shush, Iran), is made. It is now in Musée du Louvre, Paris.
• c. 2278 BC: Pharaoh Pepi II starts to rule (other date is 2383 BC).
• c. 2240 BC: Akkad, capital of the Akkadian Empire, becomes the largest city in the world, surpassing Memphis, capital of Egypt.^[1]
• c. 2215 BC: A Guti army swept down from the Zagros Mountains and defeated the demoralized Akkadian army. They took Agade, the capital of Akkad, and destroyed it thoroughly.
• c. 2300 BC: Metals started to be used in Northern Europe.

Significant persons

• Sargon of Akkad, founder of the Akkadian Empire and the earliest empire builder in recorded history

Births

• The sons of Noah: Japheth (2254 BC), Shem (2212 BC), and Ham (2204 BC) according to the Hebrew Calendar

Deaths

• 2279 BC—Sargon I

Decades and years

References

1. ^ Rosenberg, Matt T. "Largest Cities Through History". http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm. Retrieved 2009-11-11. 

v • d • e Decades and years 23rd century BC 25th century BC←24th century BC← ↔ →22nd century BC→21st century BC 2309–2300 BC 2309 BC 2308 BC 2307 BC 2306 BC 2305 BC 2304 BC 2303 BC 2302 BC 2301 BC 2300 BC 2290s BC 2299 BC 2298 BC 2297 BC 2296 BC 2295 BC 2294 BC 2293 BC 2292 BC 2291 BC 2290 BC 2280s BC 2289 BC 2288 BC 2287 BC 2286 BC 2285 BC 2284 BC 2283 BC 2282 BC 2281 BC 2280 BC 2270s BC 2279 BC 2278 BC 2277 BC 2276 BC 2275 BC 2274 BC 2273 BC 2272 BC 2271 BC 2270 BC 2260s BC 2269 BC 2268 BC 2267 BC 2266 BC 2265 BC 2264 BC 2263 BC 2262 BC 2261 BC 2260 BC 2250s BC 2259 BC 2258 BC 2257 BC 2256 BC 2255 BC 2254 BC 2253 BC 2252 BC 2251 BC 2250 BC 2240s BC 2249 BC 2248 BC 2247 BC 2246 BC 2245 BC 2244 BC 2243 BC 2242 BC 2241 BC 2240 BC 2230s BC 2239 BC 2238 BC 2237 BC 2236 BC 2235 BC 2234 BC 2233 BC 2232 BC 2231 BC 2230 BC 2220s BC 2229 BC 2228 BC 2227 BC 2226 BC 2225 BC 2224 BC 2223 BC 2222 BC 2221 BC 2220 BC 2210s BC 2219 BC 2218 BC 2217 BC 2216 BC 2215 BC 2214 BC 2213 BC 2212 BC 2211 BC 2210 BC 2209–2200 BC 2209 BC 2208 BC 2207 BC 2206 BC 2205 BC 2204 BC 2203 BC 2202 BC 2201 BC 2200 BC 2190s BC 2199 BC 2198 BC 2197 BC 2196 BC 2195 BC 2194 BC 2193 BC 2192 BC 2191 BC 2190 BC

v • d • e Centuries and millennia Millennium Century BC 4th 40th 39th 38th 37th 36th 35th 34th 33rd 32nd 31st 3rd 30th 29th 28th 27th 26th 25th 24th 23rd 22nd 21st 2nd 20th 19th 18th 17th 16th 15th 14th 13th 12th 11th 1st 10th 9th 8th 7th 6th 5th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st AD 1st 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 2nd 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 3rd 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th 4th 31st 32nd 33rd 34th 35th 36th 37th 38th 39th 40th

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