Yuman-Cochimí languages

Yuman-Cochimí
Geographic distribution:	Colorado River basin and Baja California
Genetic classification:	Yuman-Cochimí
Subdivisions:	Yuman Cochimi
Pre-contact distribution of Yuman-Cochimí languages

Yuman-Cochimí is a family of languages spoken in Baja California and northern Sonora in Mexico and southern California and western Arizona in the United States.

Genetic relations

The Yuman-Cochimí family consists of about 10 separate languages, as well as various dialects:

I. Cochimí family

1. Cochimí (†) (may include separate Northern Cochimí and Southern Cochimí languages)

II. Yuman family

A. Core Yuman

i. Delta-California Yuman

1. Ipai language (a.k.a. 'Iipay, Northern Diegueño)

2. Kumeyaay language (a.k.a. Southern Diegueño, Campo, Kamia)

3. Tipai language (a.k.a. Southern Diegueño, Huerteño, Ku'ahl)

4. Cocopah language (a.k.a. Cucapá; cf. Kahwan, Halyikwamai)

ii. River Yuman

5. Quechan language (a.k.a. Yuma)

6. Maricopa language (a.k.a. Pii-Paash; cf. also Halchidhoma)

7. Mohave language

iii. Pai

8. Upland Yuman language (a.k.a. Northern Yuman)

a. Yavapai dialects

b. Hualapai dialect (a.k.a. Walapai)

c. Havasupai dialect

9. Paipai language (a.k.a. Akwa'ala; possibly distinct from the Upland Yuman language only at the dialect level)

B. Kiliwa

10. Kiliwa language

Cochimí is now extinct. Cucapá is the Spanish name for the Cocopa. Diegueño is the Spanish name for the Ipai/Kumeyaay/Tipai, now often referred to collectively as Kumeyaay. Upland Yuman consists of several mutually intelligible dialects spoken by the politically distinct Yavapai, Hualapai, and Havasupai.

External links

• Ethnologue: Yuman

Bibliography

• Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford University Press.
• Goddard, Ives. (1996). "Introduction". In Languages, edited by Ives Goddard, pp. 1-16. Handbook of North American Indians, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Vol. 17. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
• Kendall, Martha B. (1983). "Yuman languages". In Southwest, edited by Alfonso Ortiz, pp. 4-12. Handbook of North American Indians, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Vol. 10. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
• Langdon, Margaret. (1990). "Diegueño: how many languages?" In Proceedings of the 1990 Hokan-Penutian Language Workshop, edited by James E. Redden, pp. 184-190. Occasional Papers in Linguistics No. 15. University of Southern Illinois, Carbondale.
• Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
• Mixco, Mauricio J. (2006). "The indigenous languages". In The Prehistory of Baja California: Advances in the Archaeology of the Forgotten Peninsula, edited by Don Laylander and Jerry D. Moore, pp. 24-41.