Zanzibar

• Location: Tanzania
• Variant names: Zanguebar

An island, part of the autonomous region of Zanzibar and Pemba, and a city-port. The name was at one time applied to the East African coast in this region. It is derived from the Persian Zangī-bār 'Coastland of the Blacks' from the Zingis, a local people whose name translated as 'black', and barr 'coast'. The g was softened by the Arabs to become Zanjībār which the Portuguese transformed into Zanzibar. The capital of the Sultan of Oman from 1832, it was declared a sultanate independent of Oman in 1862. Annexed by Germany in 1885, Zanzibar became a British protectorate in 1890 when the Germans gave it and the small island of Pemba to them in exchange for two tiny, low-lying islands in the North Sea, Heligoland and Dune. It regained its status as an independent sultanate at the end of 1963, but the sultan was overthrown in early 1964 and the People's Republic of Zanzibar established. Three months later Zanzibar joined Tanganyika to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, renamed a few months later as the United Republic of Tanzania. The local name for the island is Unguja.

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