Zebulun (also Zebulon, Zabulon or Zaboules,[1] Hebrew: זְבֻלוּן or זְבוּלֻן or זְבוּלוּן, Tiberian Hebrew Zəḇūlūn, Standard Hebrew Zəvulun, commonly זבולון Zvulun in Israel) was, according to the Books of Genesis and Numbers,[2][3] the sixth son of Jacob and Leah, and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Zebulun. Some Biblical scholars believe this to be an eponymous metaphor providing an aetiology of the connectedness of the tribe to others in the Israelite confederation.[4] With Leah as a matriarch, Biblical scholars believe the tribe to have been regarded by the text's authors as a part of the original Israelite confederation.[5]
The name is derived from the Northwest Semitic root zbl, common in 2nd millennium BC Ugaritic texts as an epithet (title) of the god Baal, as well as in Phoenician and (frequently) in biblical Hebrew in personal names.[6]
The text of the Torah gives two different etymologies for the name Zebulun, which textual scholars attribute to different sources - one to the Yahwist and the other to the Elohist;[7] the first being that it derives from zebed, the word for gift, in reference to Leah's view that her gaining of six sons was a gift from God; the second being that it derives from yizbeleni, meaning honour, in reference to Leah's hope that Jacob would give her honour now that she had given birth to six sons. In Deuteronomy, however an allusion is made to a third potential etymology[8] - that it may be connected with zibhe, literally meaning sacrifice, in reference to commercial activities of the tribe of Zebulun[9] - a commercial agreement made at Mount Tabor between the tribe of Zebulun and a group of non-Israelites was referred to as zibhe-tzedek, literally meaning sacrifice to justice or sacrifice to Tzedek.[10]
The Torah states that Zebulun had three sons - Sered, Elon, and Jahleel - each the eponymous founder of a clan. Beyond this, there is little other reference to Zebulun.
The Tomb of Zebulun is located in Sidon, Lebanon. In the past, towards the end of Iyyar, Jews from the most distant parts of Palestine would make a pilgrimage to this tomb.
Some believe the depopulated village of Sabalan in the District of Safad was named after Zebulun.
See also
| Children of Jacob by wife in order of birth (D = Daughter) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Leah | Reuben (1) | Simeon (2) | Levi (3) | Judah (4) | Issachar (9) | Zebulun (10) | Dinah (D) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rachel | Joseph (11) | Benjamin (12) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bilhah (Rachel's servant) | Dan (5) | Naphtali (6) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zilpah (Leah's servant) | Gad (7) | Asher (8) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Citations
- ^ in Antiquities of the Jews by Josephus
- ^ Genesis 46:14
- ^ Numbers 26:26
- ^ Peake's commentary on the Bible
- ^ Jewish Encyclopedia, Tribe of Zebulun
- ^ "Precarious Scholarship: Problems with Proposing that the Seal of Yzbl was Queen Jezebel's", Christopher A. Rollston, BASOR 2007. The article concerns a seal ascribed to Jezebel; the first paragraph gives an overview of the root /zbl/, which Jezebel shares with Zebulun.
- ^ Richard Elliott Friedman, Who wrote the Bible
- ^ Deuteronomy 33:19
- ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
- ^ ibid
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