Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Email
Answers.com

weather

Did you mean: weather (in meteorology), Weather (dream symbols), Weather, A Weather (Rock Band, 2000s), The Weather, Weather (Places content from Answers.com) More...

 
Dictionary: weath·er   (wĕTH'ər) pronunciation
Home > Library > Literature & Language > Dictionary
n.
  1. The state of the atmosphere at a given time and place, with respect to variables such as temperature, moisture, wind velocity, and barometric pressure.
    1. Adverse or destructive atmospheric conditions, such as high winds or heavy rain: encountered weather five miles out to sea.
    2. The unpleasant or destructive effects of such atmospheric conditions: protected the house from the weather.
  3. weathers Changes of fortune: had known him in many weathers.

v., -ered, -er·ing, -ers.

v.tr.
  1. To expose to the action of the elements, as for drying, seasoning, or coloring.
  2. To discolor, disintegrate, wear, or otherwise affect adversely by exposure.
  3. To come through (something) safely; survive: weather a crisis.
  4. To slope (a roof, for example) so as to shed water.
  5. Nautical. To pass to the windward of despite bad weather.
v.intr.
  1. To show the effects, such as discoloration, of exposure to the elements: The walls of the barn had weathered.
  2. To withstand the effects of weather: a house paint that weathers well.
adj.
  1. Nautical. Of or relating to the windward side of a ship; windward.
  2. Relating to or used in weather forecasting: a weather plane.
phrasal verb:

weather in

  1. To experience or cause to experience weather conditions that prevent movement: The squadron is weathered in because of dense fog. Such a storm will weather the fleet in.

idioms:

make heavy weather of

  1. To exaggerate the difficulty of something to be done.
under the weather
  1. Somewhat indisposed; slightly ill.
  2. SlangIntoxicated; drunk.Suffering from a hangover.
    1. Intoxicated; drunk.
    1. Suffering from a hangover.

[Middle English weder, wether, from Old English weder.]


Search unanswered questions...

Enter a question here...
Search: All sources Community Q&A Reference topics

Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: weather
Top
Home > Library > Miscellaneous > Britannica Concise Encyclopedia

State of the atmosphere at a particular place during a short period of time. It involves day-to-day changes in such atmospheric phenomena as temperature, humidity, precipitation (type and amount), air pressure, wind, and cloud cover. Most weather occurs in the troposphere, but phenomena of the higher regions of the atmosphere, such as jet streams, and geographic features, most notably mountains and large bodies of water, also affect it. See also climate.

For more information on weather, visit Britannica.com.

Sci-Tech Encyclopedia: Weather
Top
Home > Library > Science > Sci-Tech Encyclopedia

The state of the atmosphere, as determined by the simultaneous occurrence of several meteorological phenomena at a geographical locality or over broad areas of the Earth. When such a collection of weather elements is part of an interrelated physical structure of the atmosphere, it is termed a weather system, and includes phenomena at all elevations above the ground. More popularly, weather refers to a certain state of the atmosphere as it affects humans' activities on the Earth's surface. In this sense, it is often taken to include such related phenomena as waves at sea and floods on land.

A weather element is any individual physical feature of the atmosphere. At a given locality, at least seven such elements may be observed at any one time. These are clouds, precipitation, temperature, humidity, wind, pressure, and visibility. Each of these principal elements is divided into many subtypes. See also Weather map.

The various forms of precipitation are included by international agreement among the hydrometeors, which comprise all the visible features in the atmosphere, besides clouds, that are due to water in its various forms. For convenience in processing weather data and information, this definition is made to include some phenomena not due to water, such as dust and smoke. Some of the more common hydrometeors include rain, snow, fog, hail, dew, and frost. See also Precipitation (meteorology).

Certain optical and electrical phenomena have long been observed among the weather elements. These include lightning, aurora, solar or lunar corona, and halo. See also Air mass; Atmosphere; Aurora; Cloud; Front; Lightning; Meteorology; Storm; Weather observations; Wind.

Thesaurus: weather
Top
Home > Library > Literature & Language > Thesaurus

verb

    To exist in spite of adversity: come through, last2, persist, pull through, ride out, survive. See live/die.

Idioms: weather
Top
Home > Library > Literature & Language > Idioms

Idioms beginning with weather:
weather the storm

In addition to the idiom beginning with weather, also see fair-weather friend; heavy going (weather); keep a weather eye out; under the weather.

Antonyms: weather
Top
Home > Library > Literature & Language > Antonyms

v

Definition: endure
Antonyms: refuse, reject

US Military Dictionary: weather
Top
Home > Library > History, Politics & Society > US Military Dictionary

n. denoting the side from which the wind is blowing, especially on board a ship; windward: the weather side of the yacht. Contrasted with) lee.

v.

1. come safely through (a storm).

2. (of a ship) get to the windward of (a cape or other obstacle).

See the Introduction, Abbreviations and Pronunciation for further details.

Geography Dictionary: weather
Top
Home > Library > Science > Geographical Dictionary

Current, rather than average, atmospheric conditions; the object of study of synoptic meteorology. Weather variables include humidity, temperature, sunshine hours, cloud cover, visibility, and precipitation (fog, rain, snow, sleet, and frost).

English Folklore: weather
Top
Home > Library > Literature & Language > English Folklore

Lore about the weather consisted mainly of practical information and advice, based on observation of nature, and transmitted orally. Such expertise was essential to farmers and seafarers. For the literate, there were also other channels of transmission, notably almanacs, which gave guidance on the right date for sowing this or that crop, beginning hay-making, and so on. Some scraps of this lore are still remembered: that rooks, gulls, or swifts flying high are a sign of fine weather, or that a good crop of berries foretells a hard winter (which is probably not true). A few rhymed tags are well known:

Red at night,
Shepherd's delight;
Red in the morning,
Shepherd's warning.


Alluding to high wispy clouds:
See in the sky the painter's brush,
The wind around you soon will rush.


For January weather:
As the day lengthens,
So the cold strengthens.


A rhyme found in many places uses the way low cloud hides hilltops as a sign of rain, naming whichever hill is nearest:
When—wears a cap,
We in the valley gets a drop.


In some cases, weather lore is parodied in jokes which have themselves become traditional: ‘If you can see X from Y, there will be rain soon; if you can't see X from Y, it's raining already.’

Less rational ways of forecasting included the idea that rain on St Swithin's Day will continue for 40 days, and that the weather on each of the twelve days of Christmas shows what to expect for each month of the coming year. An unusual and dramatic form of weather divination was practised at Adderbury (Oxfordshire) in the latter part of the 19th century; men would go out to the fields towards eleven o'clock on Martinmas Eve (10 November) and keep vigil till midnight, listening to the wind, for they believed that ‘the four Angels of the Earth’ were flying round and round, stirring up the winds. At midnight this ceased, and the watchers noted which way the wind was then blowing, for that would be its prevailing direction for the next three months (Michael Pickering, Folklore 94 (1983), 252). In Derbyshire, people would take a candle to the bottom of the garden on Halloween to see which way the wind blew, for it would remain in that quarter for three months (Addy, 1895: 118).

Notable storms could be seen as omens accompanying a great man's death, or as signs either of the wrath of God or of the activity of the Devil. Witches were believed capable of ‘selling’ winds to sailors in the form of knot-ted cords, and of malicious storm-raising; the penalty of various unlucky actions, notably whistling and drowning a cat at sea, is that they cause fierce winds.

See also STORMS, THUNDER.

Architecture: weather
Top
Home > Library > Home & Garden > Architecture and Construction

That portion of a wood shingle that is exposed to the elements.

 
Columbia Encyclopedia: weather
Top
Home > Library > Miscellaneous > Columbia Encyclopedia
weather, state of the atmosphere at a given time and place with regard to temperature, air pressure (see barometer), wind, humidity, cloudiness, and precipitation. The term weather is restricted to conditions over short periods of time; conditions over long periods, generally at least 30-50 years, are referred to as climate.

The earliest evidence of scientific activity in the field of meteorology, the study of the earth's atmosphere, especially as it relates to weather forecasting, is from the 4th cent. B.C.; Aristotle wrote what is probably the first treatise on the subject. The first attempt to chart weather from reports over a considerable area was made (1820) in Europe by H. W. Brandes, but it was not until after the invention of the telegraph that the rapid collection of weather data from remote stations became possible.

In the United States, a government weather service was established (1870) under the army Signal Corps. In 1891 the weather service was transferred to the U.S. Weather Bureau under the Dept. of Agriculture, and it later came (1940) under the jurisdiction of the Dept. of Commerce. The U.S. Weather Bureau has since been renamed the U.S. National Weather Service and transferred to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The central forecast office is the National Meteorological Center (NMC), in Suitland, Md.; first-order stations are located chiefly in the larger cities, and numerous substations for special purposes (e.g., observing river stages, measuring depth of snow, and maintaining records of climate) are distributed throughout the country.

Devices used for meteorological observations include rockets, weather satellites, radiosondes, barometers, anemometers, weather vanes, psychrometers, thermometers, and radar. By means of high-speed telecommunications, information from all over the world is sent to the NMC, where the data is decoded and plotted. These data are used to create weather maps based on simultaneous weather observations at different atmospheric levels over any desired geographic region. On a typical map the various weather elements are shown by figures and symbols; isobars are drawn to show areas of low pressure (cyclones) and high pressure (anticyclones); fronts (boundaries between air masses) and areas of precipitation are indicated.

By using computer models based on mathematical formulations of the dynamics of the atmosphere, weather charts are also produced as prognostics of future weather patterns. The many simplifying assumptions required in these formulations, as well as the incompleteness of weather data, limit the accuracy of the computer predictions; though as advances in computer systems occur, these models are becoming more complete and, hence, more accurate. Meteorologists interpret and modify such prognostics according to their knowledge of the prognostics' reliability and their familiarity with local influences, such as topography and proximity to large bodies of water, in order to derive the best possible weather forecasts.

Forecasts are disseminated by television, radio, telephone, newspapers, and the Internet. Detailed forecasts can usually be made only for a short future period (generally 48 hr or less). Forecasts for up to five days can usually predict departures from normal temperature and precipitation fairly well; longer-range predictions are more general and less accurate, being based on the known normal weather of the area. Mathematical models, particularly those run on supercomputers, have helped to understand weather changes, including general global circulation patterns, and how perturbations in the atmosphere and oceans effect the weather.

Bibliography

See J. R. Eagleman, Weather Concepts and Terminology (1989); J. Farrand, Jr., Weather (1990); H. M. Conway and L. L. Liston, Weather Handbook (1990); R. C. McNeill, Understanding the Weather (1991).

Science Dictionary: weather
Top
Home > Library > Science > Science Dictionary

The daily conditions of the atmosphere in terms of temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, and moisture.

Veterinary Dictionary: weather
Top
Home > Library > Animal Life > Veterinary Dictionary

Climate, climatic conditions.

  • w. stain — said of wool. See fleece rot.
  • w. stress — cold, heat, wet stress.
Devil's Dictionary: weather
Top
Home > Library > Literature & Language > Devil's Dictionary
A cynical view of the world by Ambrose Bierce


n.

The climate of the hour. A permanent topic of conversation among persons whom it does not interest, but who have inherited the tendency to chatter about it from naked arboreal ancestors whom it keenly concerned. The setting up official weather bureaus and their maintenance in mendacity prove that even governments are accessible to suasion by the rude forefathers of the jungle. 

    Once I dipt into the future far as human eye could see,
    And I saw the Chief Forecaster, dead as any one can be --
    Dead and damned and shut in Hades as a liar from his birth,
    With a record of unreason seldom paralleled on earth.
    While I looked he reared him solemnly, that incadescent youth,
    From the coals that he'd preferred to the advantages of truth.
    He cast his eyes about him and above him; then he wrote
    On a slab of thin asbestos what I venture here to quote --
    For I read it in the rose-light of the everlasting glow:
    "Cloudy; variable winds, with local showers; cooler; snow."
                                                         Halcyon Jones

Word Tutor: weather
Top
Home > Library > Literature & Language > Spelling & Usage
pronunciation

IN BRIEF: The state of the atmosphere at a given time and place, with respect to variables such as temperature, moisture, wind velocity, and barometric pressure.

pronunciation There is really no such thing as bad weather, only different kinds of good weather. — John Ruskin (1819-1900), English art critic, sociological writer and essayist.

Quotes About: Weather
Top
Home > Library > Literature & Language > Quotes About

Quotes:

"A cloudy day or a little sunshine have as great an influence on many constitutions as the most recent blessings or misfortunes." - Joseph Addison

"What dreadful hot weather we have! It keeps me in a continual state of inelegance." - Jane Austen

"Referring to the bad sun conditions in left field at the stadium: It gets late out there early." - Yogi Berra

"One need only think of the weather, in which case the prediction even for a few days ahead is impossible." - Albert Einstein

"Change of weather is the discourse of fools." - Thomas Fuller

"Don't knock the weather; nine-tenths of the people couldn't start a conversation if it didn't change once in a while." - Kin Hubbard

See more famous quotes about Weather

Wikipedia: Weather
Top
Home > Library > Miscellaneous > Wikipedia
For the geological process, see Weathering and Erosion.
This article is about the atmospheric term. For other uses, see Weather (disambiguation).
Thunderstorm near Garajau, Madeira

Weather is a set of all the phenomena occurring in a given atmosphere at a given time.[1] Weather phenomena lie in the troposphere.[2][3] Weather refers, generally, to day-to-day temperature and precipitation activity, whereas climate is the term for the average atmospheric conditions over longer periods of time.[4] When used without qualification, "weather" is understood to be the weather of Earth.

Weather occurs due to density (temperature and moisture) differences between one place and another. These differences can occur due to the sun angle at any particular spot, which varies by latitude from the tropics. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the jet stream. Weather systems in the mid-latitudes, such as extratropical cyclones, are caused by instabilities of the jet stream flow. Because the Earth's axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane, sunlight is incident at different angles at different times of the year. On Earth's surface, temperatures usually range ±40 °C (100 °F to −40 °F) annually. Over thousands of years, changes in Earth's orbit affect the amount and distribution of solar energy received by the Earth and influence long-term climate

Surface temperature differences in turn cause pressure differences. Higher altitudes are cooler than lower altitudes due to differences in compressional heating. Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location. The atmosphere is a chaotic system, so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole. Human attempts to control the weather have occurred throughout human history, and there is evidence that human activity such as agriculture and industry has inadvertently modified weather patterns.

Studying how the weather works on other planets has been helpful in understanding how weather works on Earth. A famous landmark in the Solar System, Jupiter's Great Red Spot, is an anticyclonic storm known to have existed for at least 300 years. However, weather is not limited to planetary bodies. A star's corona is constantly being lost to space, creating what is essentially a very thin atmosphere throughout the Solar System. The movement of mass ejected from the Sun is known as the solar wind.

Part of the Nature series
Weather
Weather-storm.svg
 
Weather-showers-scattered.svgWeather portal
Gnome-emblem-web.svgEnvironment
v • d • e

Contents

Cause

Stratocumulus perlucidus clouds

On Earth, common weather phenomena include wind, cloud, rain, snow, fog and dust storms. Less common events include natural disasters such as tornadoes, hurricanes and ice storms. Almost all familiar weather phenomena occur in the troposphere (the lower part of the atmosphere).[3] Weather does occur in the stratosphere and can affect weather lower down in the troposphere, but the exact mechanisms are poorly understood.[5]

Weather occurs primarily due to density (temperature and moisture) differences between one place to another. These differences can occur due to the sun angle at any particular spot, which varies by latitude from the tropics. In other words, the farther from the tropics you lie, the lower the sun angle is, which causes those locations to be cooler due to the indirect sunlight.[6] The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the jet stream.[7] Weather systems in the mid-latitudes, such as extratropical cyclones, are caused by instabilities of the jet stream flow (see baroclinity).[8] Weather systems in the tropics, such as monsoons or organized thunderstorm systems, are caused by different processes.

Because the Earth's axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane, sunlight is incident at different angles at different times of the year. In June the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, so at any given Northern Hemisphere latitude sunlight falls more directly on that spot than in December (see Effect of sun angle on climate).[9] This effect causes seasons. Over thousands to hundreds of thousands of years, changes in Earth's orbital parameters affect the amount and distribution of solar energy received by the Earth and influence long-term climate (see Milankovitch cycles).[10]

Uneven solar heating (the formation of zones of temperature and moisture gradients, or frontogenesis) can also be due to the weather itself in the form of cloudiness and precipitation.[11] Higher altitudes are cooler than lower altitudes, which is explained by the lapse rate.[12][13] On local scales, temperature differences can occur because different surfaces (such as oceans, forests, ice sheets, or man-made objects) have differing physical characteristics such as reflectivity, roughness, or moisture content.

Surface temperature differences in turn cause pressure differences. A hot surface heats the air above it and the air expands, lowering the air pressure and its density.[14] The resulting horizontal pressure gradient accelerates the air from high to low pressure, creating wind, and Earth's rotation then causes curvature of the flow via the Coriolis effect.[15] The simple systems thus formed can then display emergent behaviour to produce more complex systems and thus other weather phenomena. Large scale examples include the Hadley cell while a smaller scale example would be coastal breezes.

The atmosphere is a chaotic system, so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole.[16] This makes it difficult to accurately predict weather more than a few days in advance, though weather forecasters are continually working to extend this limit through the scientific study of weather, meteorology. It is theoretically impossible to make useful day-to-day predictions more than about two weeks ahead, imposing an upper limit to potential for improved prediction skill.[17] Chaos theory says that the slightest variation in the motion of the ground can grow with time. This idea is sometimes called the butterfly effect, from the idea that the motions caused by the flapping wings of a butterfly eventually could produce marked changes in the state of the atmosphere. Because of this sensitivity to small changes it will never be possible to make perfect forecasts, although there still is much potential for improvement.

The sun and oceans can also affect the weather of land. If the sun heats up ocean waters for a period of time, water can evaporate. Once evaporated into the air, the moisture can spread throughout nearby land, thus making it cooler.

Shaping the planet Earth

Main article: Weathering

Weather is one of the fundamental processes that shape the Earth. The process of weathering breaks down rocks and soils into smaller fragments and then into their constituent substances.[18] These are then free to take part in chemical reactions that can affect the surface further (such as acid rain) or are reformed into other rocks and soils. In this way, weather plays a major role in erosion of the surface.[19]

Effect on humans

New Orleans, Louisiana, after being struck by Hurricane Katrina. Katrina was a Category 3 hurricane when it struck although it had been a category 5 hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico.

Weather has played a large and sometimes direct part in human history. Aside from climatic changes that have caused the gradual drift of populations (for example the desertification of the Middle East, and the formation of land bridges during glacial periods), extreme weather events have caused smaller scale population movements and intruded directly in historical events. One such event is the saving of Japan from invasion by the Mongol fleet of Kublai Khan by the Kamikaze winds in 1281.[20] French claims to Florida came to an end in 1565 when a hurricane destroyed the French fleet, allowing Spain to conquer Fort Caroline.[21] More recently, Hurricane Katrina redistributed over one million people from the central Gulf coast elsewhere across the United States, becoming the largest diaspora in the history of the United States.[22]

Though weather affects people in drastic ways, it can also affect the human race in simpler ways. The human body is negatively affected by extremes in temperature, humidity, and wind.[23]

Forecasting

Main article: Weather forecasting
Forecast of surface pressures five days into the future for the north Pacific, North America, and north Atlantic ocean.

Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location. Human beings have attempted to predict the weather informally for millennia, and formally since at least the nineteenth century.[24][25] Weather forecasts are made by collecting quantitative data about the current state of the atmosphere and using scientific understanding of atmospheric processes to project how the atmosphere will evolve.[26]

Once an all-human endeavor based mainly upon changes in barometric pressure, current weather conditions, and sky condition,[27][28] forecast models are now used to determine future conditions. Human input is still required to pick the best possible forecast model to base the forecast upon, which involves pattern recognition skills, teleconnections, knowledge of model performance, and knowledge of model biases. The chaotic nature of the atmosphere, the massive computational power required to solve the equations that describe the atmosphere, error involved in measuring the initial conditions, and an incomplete understanding of atmospheric processes mean that forecasts become less accurate as the difference in current time and the time for which the forecast is being made (the range of the forecast) increases. The use of ensembles and model consensus helps to narrow the error and pick the most likely outcome.[29][30][31]

There are a variety of end users to weather forecasts. Weather warnings are important forecasts because they are used to protect life and property.[32] Forecasts based on temperature and precipitation are important to agriculture,[33][34][35][36] and therefore to commodity traders within stock markets. Temperature forecasts are used by utility companies to estimate demand over coming days.[37][38][39] On an everyday basis, people use weather forecasts to determine what to wear on a given day. Since outdoor activities are severely curtailed by heavy rain, snow and the wind chill, forecasts can be used to plan activities around these events, and to plan ahead and survive them.

Modification

The aspiration to control the weather is evident throughout human history: from ancient rituals intended to bring rain for crops to the U.S. Military Operation Popeye, an attempt to disrupt supply lines by lengthening the North Vietnamese monsoon. The most successful attempts at influencing weather involve cloud seeding; they include the fog- and low stratus dispersion techniques employed by major airports, techniques used to increase winter precipitation over mountains, and techniques to suppress hail.[40] A recent example of weather control was China's preparation for the 2008 Summer Olympic Games. China shot 1,104 rain dispersal rockets from 21 sites in the city of Beijing in an effort to keep rain away from the opening ceremony of the games on Aug 8, 2008. Guo Hu, head of the Beijing Municipal Meteorological Bureau (BMB), confirmed the success of the operation with 100 millimeters falling in Baoding City of Hebei Province, to the southwest and Beijing's Fangshan District recording a rainfall of 25 millimeters.[41]

Whereas there is inconclusive evidence for these techniques' efficacy, there is extensive evidence that human activity such as agriculture and industry results in inadvertent weather modification:[40]

The effects of inadvertent weather modification may pose serious threats to many aspects of civilization, including ecosystems, natural resources, food and fiber production, economic development, and human health.[43].

Extremes on Earth

Main articles: Extremes on Earth and List of weather records
Early morning sunshine over Bratislava, Slovakia.
The same area, just three hours later, after light snowfall.

On Earth, temperatures usually range ±40 °C (100 °F to −40 °F) annually. The range of climates and latitudes across the planet can offer extremes of temperature outside this range. The coldest air temperature ever recorded on Earth is −89.2 °C (−129 °F), at Vostok Station, Antarctica on 21 July 1983. The hottest air temperature ever recorded was 57.7 °C (135.9 °F) at Al 'Aziziyah, Libya, on September 13 1922.[44] The highest recorded average annual temperature was 34.4 °C (93.9 °F) at Dallol, Ethiopia.[45] The coldest recorded average annual temperature was −55.1 °C (−67 °F) at Vostok Station, Antarctica.[46] The coldest average annual temperature in a permanently inhabited location is at Eureka, Nunavut, in Canada, where the annual average temperature is −19.7 °C (−3 °F).[47]

Extraterrestrial within the Solar System

Jupiter's Great Red Spot

Studying how the weather works on other planets has been seen as helpful in understanding how it works on Earth.[48] Weather on other planets follows many of the same physical principles as weather on Earth, but occurs on different scales and in atmospheres having different chemical composition. The Cassini–Huygens mission to Titan discovered clouds formed from methane or ethane which deposit rain composed of liquid methane and other organic compounds.[49] Earth's atmosphere includes six latitudinal circulation zones, three in each hemisphere.[50] In contrast, Jupiter's banded appearance shows many such zones,[51] Titan has a single jet stream near the 50th parallel north latitude,[52] and Venus has a single jet near the equator.[53]

One of the most famous landmarks in the Solar System, Jupiter's Great Red Spot, is an anticyclonic storm known to have existed for at least 300 years.[54] On other gas giants, the lack of a surface allows the wind to reach enormous speeds: gusts of up to 600 metres per second (about 2,100 kilometres per hour (1,300 mph)) have been measured on the planet Neptune.[55] This has created a puzzle for planetary scientists. The weather is ultimately created by solar energy and the amount of energy received by Neptune is only about 1/900th of that received by Earth, yet the intensity of weather phenomena on Neptune is far greater than on Earth.[56] The strongest planetary winds discovered so far are on the extrasolar planet HD 189733 b, which is thought to have easterly winds moving at more than 9,600 kilometres per hour (6,000 mph).[57]

Space weather

Aurora Borealis
Main article: Space weather

Weather is not limited to planetary bodies. A star's corona is constantly being lost to space, creating what is essentially a very thin atmosphere throughout the Solar System. The movement of mass ejected from the Sun is known as the solar wind. Inconsistencies in this wind and larger events on the surface of the star, such as coronal mass ejections, form a system that has features analogous to conventional weather systems (such as pressure and wind) and is generally known as space weather. Coronal mass ejections have been tracked as far out in the solar system as Saturn.[58] The activity of this system can affect planetary atmospheres and occasionally surfaces. The interaction of the solar wind with the terrestrial atmosphere can produce spectacular aurorae,[59] and can play havoc with electrically sensitive systems such as electricity grids and radio signals.[60]

See also

References

  1. ^ Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Weather. Retrieved on 2008-06-27.
  2. ^ Glossary of Meteorology. Hydrosphere. Retrieved on 2008-06-27.
  3. ^ a b Glossary of Meteorology. Troposphere. Retrieved on 2008-06-27.
  4. ^ "Climate". Glossary of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society. http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=climate1. Retrieved 2008-05-14. 
  5. ^ O'Carroll, Cynthia M. (2001-10-18). "Weather Forecasters May Look Sky-high For Answers". Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA). http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/topstory/20011018windsurface.html. 
  6. ^ NASA. World Book at NASA: Weather. Retrieved on 2008-06-27.
  7. ^ John P. Stimac. Air pressure and wind. Retrieved on 2008-05-08.
  8. ^ Carlyle H. Wash, Stacey H. Heikkinen, Chi-Sann Liou, and Wendell A. Nuss. A Rapid Cyclogenesis Event during GALE IOP 9. Retrieved on 2008-06-28.
  9. ^ Windows to the Universe. Earth's Tilt Is the Reason for the Seasons! Retrieved on 2008-06-28.
  10. ^ Milankovitch, Milutin. Canon of Insolation and the Ice Age Problem. Zavod za Udz̆benike i Nastavna Sredstva: Belgrade, 1941. Isbn=8617066199.
  11. ^ Ron W. Przybylinski. The Concept of Frontogenesis and its Application to Winter Weather Forecasting. Retrieved on 2008-06-28.
  12. ^ Mark Zachary Jacobson (2005). Fundamentals of Atmospheric Modeling (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-83970-X. OCLC 243560910. 
  13. ^ C. Donald Ahrens (2006). Meteorology Today (8th ed.). Brooks/Cole Publishing. ISBN 0-495-01162-2. OCLC 224863929. 
  14. ^ Michel Moncuquet. Relation between density and temperature. Retrieved on 2008-06-28.
  15. ^ Encyclopedia of Earth. Wind. Retrieved on 2008-06-28.
  16. ^ Spencer Weart. The Discovery of Global Warming. Retrieved on 2008-06-28.
  17. ^ [1]
  18. ^ NASA. NASA Mission Finds New Clues to Guide Search for Life on Mars. Retrieved on 2008-06-28.
  19. ^ West Gulf River Forecast Center. Glossary of Hydrologic Terms - E. Retrieved on 2008-06-28.
  20. ^ James P. Delgado. Relics of the Kamikaze. Retrieved on 2008-06-28.
  21. ^ Mike Strong. Fort Caroline National Memorial. Retrieved on 2008-06-28.
  22. ^ Anthony E. Ladd, John Marszalek, and Duane A. Gill. The Other Dispora: New Orleans Student Evacuation Impacts and Responses Surrounding Hurricane Katrina. Retrieved on 2008-03-29.
  23. ^ C. W. B. Norand. Effect of High Temperature, Humidity, and Wind on the Human Body. Retrieved on 2008-06-28.
  24. ^ Mistic House. Astrology Lessons, History, Predition, Skeptics, and Astrology Compatibility. Retrieved on 2008-01-12.
  25. ^ Eric D. Craft. An Economic History of Weather Forecasting. Retrieved on 2007-04-15.
  26. ^ NASA. Weather Forecasting Through the Ages. Retrieved on 2008-05-25.
  27. ^ Weather Doctor. Applying The Barometer To Weather Watching. Retrieved on 2008-05-25.
  28. ^ Mark Moore. Field Forecasting - A Short Summary. Retrieved on 2008-05-25.
  29. ^ Klaus Weickmann, Jeff Whitaker, Andres Roubicek and Catherine Smith. The Use of Ensemble Forecasts to Produce Improved Medium Range (3-15 days) Weather Forecasts. Retrieved on 2007-02-16.
  30. ^ Todd Kimberlain. Tropical cyclone motion and intensity talk (June 2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-21.
  31. ^ Richard J. Pasch, Mike Fiorino, and Chris Landsea. TPC/NHC’S REVIEW OF THE NCEP PRODUCTION SUITE FOR 2006. Retrieved on 2008-05-05.
  32. ^ National Weather Service. National Weather Service Mission Statement. Retrieved on 2008-05-25.
  33. ^ Blair Fannin. Dry weather conditions continue for Texas. Retrieved on 2008-05-26.
  34. ^ Dr. Terry Mader. Drought Corn Silage. Retrieved on 2008-05-26.
  35. ^ Kathryn C. Taylor. Peach Orchard Establishment and Young Tree Care. Retrieved on 2008-05-26.
  36. ^ Associated Press. After Freeze, Counting Losses to Orange Crop. Retrieved on 2008-05-26.
  37. ^ The New York Times. FUTURES/OPTIONS; Cold Weather Brings Surge In Prices of Heating Fuels. Retrieved on 2008-05-25.
  38. ^ BBC. Heatwave causes electricity surge. Retrieved on 2008-05-25.
  39. ^ Toronto Catholic Schools. The Seven Key Messages of the Energy Drill Program. Retrieved on 2008-05-25.
  40. ^ a b American Meteorological Society
  41. ^ Huanet, Xin (2008-08-09). "Beijing disperses rain to dry Olympic night". Chinaview. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-08/09/content_9079637.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-24. 
  42. ^ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
  43. ^ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
  44. ^ Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation. National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved on 2007-06-21.
  45. ^ Glenn Elert. Hottest Temperature on Earth. Retrieved on 2008-06-28.
  46. ^ Glenn Elert. Coldest Temperature On Earth. Retrieved on 2008-06-28.
  47. ^ Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000 - Eureka
  48. ^ Britt, Robert Roy (2001-03-06). "The Worst Weather in the Solar System". Space.com. http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/solarsystem/solar_system_weather_010306-1.html. 
  49. ^ M. Fulchignoni, F. Ferri, F. Angrilli, A. Bar-Nun, M.A. Barucci, G. Bianchini, W. Borucki, M. Coradini, A. Coustenis, P. Falkner, E. Flamini, R. Grard, M. Hamelin, A.M. Harri, G.W. Leppelmeier, J.J. Lopez-Moreno, J.A.M. McDonnell, C.P. McKay, F.H. Neubauer, A. Pedersen, G. Picardi, V. Pirronello, R. Rodrigo, K. Schwingenschuh, A. Seiff, H. Svedhem, V. Vanzani and J. Zarnecki (2002). "The Characterisation of Titan's Atmospheric Physical Properties by the Huygens Atmospheric Structure Instrument (Hasi)". Space Science Review 104: 395–431. doi:10.1023/A:1023688607077. 
  50. ^ Jet Propulsion Laboratory. [http://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/overview/climate-climatic.html OVERVIEW - Climate: The Spherical Shape of the Earth: Climatic Zones.] Retrieved on 2008-06-28.
  51. ^ Anne Minard. Jupiter's "Jet Stream" Heated by Surface, Not Sun. Retrieved on 2008-06-28.
  52. ^ ESA: Cassini-Huygens. The jet stream of Titan. Retrieved on 2008-06-28.
  53. ^ Georgia State University. The Environment of Venus. Retrieved on 2008-06-28.
  54. ^ Ellen Cohen. "Jupiter's Great Red Spot". Hayden Planetarium. http://haydenplanetarium.org/resources/ava/page/index.php?file=P0413jupispot. Retrieved 2007-11-16. 
  55. ^ Suomi, V. E.; Limaye, S. S.; Johnson, D. R. (1991). "High Winds of Neptune: A possible mechanism". Science (AAAS (USA)) 251 (4996): 929–932. doi:10.1126/science.251.4996.929. PMID 17847386. 
  56. ^ Sromovsky, Lawrence A. (1998-10-14). "Hubble Provides a Moving Look at Neptune's Stormy Disposition". HubbleSite. http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1998/34/text/. 
  57. ^ Knutson, Heather A.; David Charbonneau, Lori E. Allen, Jonathan J. Fortney, Eric Agol, Nicolas B. Cowan, Adam P. Showman, Al, Curtis S. Cooper & S. Thomas Megeath (10 May 2007). "A map of the day–night contrast of the extrasolar planet HD 189733b". Nature 447: 183–186. doi:10.1038/nature05782. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v447/n7141/abs/nature05782.html. 
  58. ^ Bill Christensen. Shock to the (Solar) System: Coronal Mass Ejection Tracked to Saturn. Retrieved on 2008-06-28.
  59. ^ AlaskaReport. What Causes the Aurora Borealis? Retrieved on 2008-06-28.
  60. ^ Rodney Viereck. Space Weather: What is it? How Will it Affect You? Retrieved on 2008-06-28.

External links

Search Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Weather
Search Wikinews Wikinews has related news: Portal:Weather
v • d • e
Elements of Nature
Universe
Space · Time · Matter · Energy
Earth
Weather
Environment
Life
Category · Portal

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Misspellings: weather
Top
Home > Library > Literature & Language > Common Misspellings

Common misspelling(s) of weather

  • wether

Translations: Weather
Top
Home > Library > Literature & Language > Translations

Dansk (Danish)
n. - vejr
v. tr. - lufte, overstå, klare, bringe til at vitre, komme godt igennem
v. intr. - forvitre
adj. - vejr-

idioms:

  • keep a weather eye open    være på vagt
  • make heavy weather of    slå noget stort op, finde noget anstrengende
  • under the weather    sløj, uoplagt, utilpas, beruset
  • weather forecaster    meteorolog
  • weather station    vejrstation
  • weather the storm    vejre stormen
  • weather vane    vejrhane, vindfløj

Nederlands (Dutch)
doorstaan, verweren, weer, weerkundig

Français (French)
n. - temps
v. tr. - essuyer, se tirer de, (fig) surmonter, éroder, battre (des falaises), hâler
v. intr. - s'éroder, (fig) bien vieillir
adj. - météorologique, de météorologie

idioms:

  • keep a weather eye open    veiller au grain
  • make heavy weather of    faire toute une histoire pour
  • under the weather    (ne pas) se sentir bien
  • weather forecaster    météorologue
  • weather station    station météorologique
  • weather the storm    (fig) surmonter la crise
  • weather vane    girouette

Deutsch (German)
n. - Wetter
v. - verwittern, auswittern, bewältigen, abwettern, (mar.) luvwärts umschiffen, wetterfest sein
adj. - Luv-

idioms:

  • keep a weather eye open    ein wachsames Auge haben auf
  • make heavy weather of    sich schwertun mit
  • under the weather    unwohl, leicht betrunken
  • weather forecaster    Wetterkundler, Meteorologe
  • weather station    Wetterwarte
  • weather the storm    abwettern
  • weather vane    Wetterfahne

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - καιρός, καιρικές συνθήκες
v. - αντεπεξέρχομαι, ξεπερνώ, καταφέρνω να αντιμετωπίσω, εκθέτω στις καιρικές συνθήκες, (ναυτ.) καβαντζάρω, αποσυνθέτω, ξεθωριάζω
adj. - του καιρού, μετεωρολογικός

idioms:

  • keep a weather eye open    επαγρυπνώ
  • make heavy weather of    κάνω ολόκληρο ζήτημα για
  • under the weather    αδιάθετος, κακοδιάθετος
  • weather forecaster    μετεωρολόγος της τηλεόρασης
  • weather station    (μετεωρ.) μετεωρολογικός σταθμός
  • weather the storm    ξεπερνώ την κρίση
  • weather vane    (μετεωρ.) ανεμοδείκτης, ανεμοδούρα

Italiano (Italian)
esporre all'aria, superare, patinare, tempo, meteorologico

idioms:

  • keep a weather eye open    stare in guardia
  • make heavy weather of    far sembrare difficile
  • under the weather    indisposto
  • weather forecaster    meteorologo
  • weather station    stazione metereologica
  • weather vane    banderuola

Português (Portuguese)
n. - tempo (m)
v. - estragar pela ação do tempo, expor ao tempo, passar por dificuldades
adj. - situado a barlavento (Náut.), exposto ao vendo

idioms:

  • keep a weather eye open    ter muito cuidado
  • make heavy weather of    causar dificuldades
  • under the weather    estar sem dinheiro, estar sem vontade
  • weather forecaster    pessoa que faz previsão meteorológica
  • weather station    estação (f) meteorológica
  • weather vane    cata-vento (m)

Русский (Russian)
погода, гроза, наветренная сторона, относящийся к погоде, метеорологический, наветренный, выдержать, оставлять под открытым небом, выветривать

idioms:

  • keep a weather eye open    быть начеку
  • make heavy weather of    усложнять, сгущать краски, чрезмерно напрягаться
  • under the weather    нездоровый, переживающий неприятности
  • weather forecaster    синоптик
  • weather station    метеорологическая станция
  • weather vane    флюгер

Español (Spanish)
n. - tiempo, clima, mal tiempo
v. tr. - exponer a la intemperie, curtir, superar, aguantar, orear
v. intr. - erosionarse, desgastarse, curtirse a la intemperie, resistir a la intemperie
adj. - meteorológico, del tiempo, atmosférico

idioms:

  • keep a weather eye open    estar alerta
  • make heavy weather of    exagerar las dificultades presentadas por un trabajo, etc.
  • under the weather    borracho, indispuesto, en apuros
  • weather forecaster    meteorólogo
  • weather station    estación meteorológica
  • weather the storm    capear el temporal
  • weather vane    veleta

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - väder
v. - förvittra, lufta, torka, gå förbi i lovart
adj. - lovart-

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
天气, 气象, 气候, 使受风吹雨打, 使风化, 侵蚀, 风化, 经受风雨, 受侵蚀, 迎风的, 露天的

idioms:

  • keep a weather eye open    注意到, 警戒
  • make heavy weather of    发现...费劲, 夸大...的困难, 对...小题大做
  • under the weather    身体不舒服, 有病, 宿醉, 微醉
  • weather forecaster    天气预报员
  • weather station    测候所, 气象台
  • weather the storm    战胜风雨, 不管遇到多大的困难都会继续坚持下去
  • weather vane    风标, 见风转舵之人

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 天氣, 氣象, 氣候
v. tr. - 使受風吹雨打, 使風化, 侵蝕
v. intr. - 風化, 經受風雨, 受侵蝕
adj. - 迎風的, 露天的

idioms:

  • keep a weather eye open    注意到, 警戒
  • make heavy weather of    發現...費勁, 誇大...的困難, 對...小題大做
  • under the weather    身體不舒服, 有病, 宿醉, 微醉
  • weather forecaster    天氣預報員
  • weather station    測候所, 氣象臺
  • weather the storm    戰勝風雨, 不管遇到多大的困難都會繼續堅持下去
  • weather vane    風標, 見風轉舵之人

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 날씨, 변천, 거친 바람
v. tr. - 비바람 맞다, 탈색시키다, (역경 따위를) 뚫고 나아가다
v. intr. - 색이 날다, 비바람에 견디다
adj. - 바람 불어오는 쪽의, 비바람을 맞는

idioms:

  • keep a weather eye open    감시하고 있다
  • make heavy weather of    (배가) 크게 흔들리다, 재난을 만나다, 과장하여 생각하다
  • under the weather    기분이 언짢아, 몸 상태가 좋지 않아, 돈이 궁하여

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 天気, 天候, 気象, 荒天
v. - 外気にさらす, 変化する, 風上を通る, 耐える

idioms:

  • weather forecast    天気予報
  • weather forecaster    天気予報官
  • weather station    気象台
  • weather the storm    暴風雨の天気
  • weather vane    風見, 風向計

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) الجو, الطقس, حاله الجو, حاله, اقليم, مطر, عاصفه, هوا بارد مع رطوبه, مهب الريح (فعل) يتغلب على, يقوي على, يقاوم (صفه) في مهب الرياح‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮מזג-אוויר‬
v. tr. - ‮התגבר על, חשף למזג-האוויר, יצא בשלום (מסערה), הגיעו לצד הרוח (של כף וכו')‬
v. intr. - ‮נשחק ודהה בשל חשיפה לאוויר (סלע), החזיק מעמד (בתקופה קשה)‬
adj. - ‮של מזג-האוויר‬

If you are unable to view some languages clearly, click here.

To select your translation preferences click here.


 
 

Did you mean: weather (in meteorology), Weather (dream symbols), Weather, A Weather (Rock Band, 2000s), The Weather, Weather (Places content from Answers.com) More...


 

Copyrights:

Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Sci-Tech Encyclopedia. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology. Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Thesaurus. Roget's II: The New Thesaurus, Third Edition by the Editors of the American Heritage® Dictionary Copyright © 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Idioms. The American Heritage® Dictionary of Idioms by Christine Ammer. Copyright © 1997 by The Christine Ammer 1992 Trust. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Answers Corporation Antonyms. © 1999-2009 by Answers Corporation. All rights reserved.  Read more
US Military Dictionary. The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. Copyright © 2001, 2002 by Oxford University Press, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Geography Dictionary. A Dictionary of Geography. Copyright © Susan Mayhew 1992, 1997, 2004. All rights reserved.  Read more
English Folklore. A Dictionary of English Folklore. Copyright © 2000, 2003 by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.  Read more
Architecture. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture and Construction. Copyright © 2003 by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/.  Read more
Science Dictionary. The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition Edited by E.D. Hirsch, Jr., Joseph F. Kett, and James Trefil. Copyright © 2002 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.  Read more
Veterinary Dictionary. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved.  Read more
Devil's Dictionary. Devil's Dictionary by Ambrose Bierce, 1911  Read more
Word Tutor. Copyright © 2004-present by eSpindle Learning, a 501(c) nonprofit organization. All rights reserved.
eSpindle provides personalized spelling and vocabulary tutoring online; free trial.  Read more
Quotes About. Copyright © 2005 QuotationsBook.com. All rights reserved.  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Weather".  Read more
Answers Corporation Misspellings. © 1999-2009 by Answers Corporation. All rights reserved.  Read more
Translations. Copyright © 2007, WizCom Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved.  Read more