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A digital signaling system is required to operate at 9600 bps If a signal element encodes a 8-bit word what is the minimum required bandwidth of the channel?
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answer in www.ent.mrt.ac.lk/~ekulasek/cni/cni4-eck.ppt last slide
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∙ 15y ago
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A digital data signaling system is requird to operate at 9600bps If a signal element encodes a 4-bit word what is the minimum required bandwidth of the channel?
C = 9600 = 2B*3 = 2B * 3 W = 1600 Hz
How is the channel used in the digital communucation system?
The channel used in a digital communication system is used to convey an information signal. A channel has certain capacity for putting in information that is measured by bandwidth in Hz or data rate.
What is In- channel signaling?
In-channel signaling is also often referred to as in-band signaling. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signalling_(telecommunications)#In-Band_versus_Out-Of-Band and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-band_signaling.The signaling used to establish and tear down a phone call was located in the same physical communication channel used to carry the call (i.e voice, fax or modem) traffic, and used DTMF tones. Examples are CCITT Signaling Systems 1-5 R1 & R2. Most books on SS7 should talk briefly about this.SS6 & SS7 moved to take the signaling out-of band, and to establish a common channel for all signaling in digital packet-based format (non-tone based) allowing one signaling channel to control a large number of "voice" circuits.
What you called a fiber optical cable in which the light signal follow a single path?
Baseband systems use digital signaling over a single channel. Signals flow in the form of discrete pulses of electricity or light. Figure 2.19 shows a baseband transmission with a bidirectional digital wave. With baseband transmission, the entire communication channel capacity is used to transmit a single data signal. The digital signal uses the complete bandwidth of the cable, which constitutes a single channel. The termbandwidthrefers to the data transfer capacity, or speed of transmission, of a digital communications system as measured in bits per second (bps).
What do you call a fiber optic cable in which the light signals follow a single path?
Baseband systems use digital signaling over a single channel. Signals flow in the form of discrete pulses of electricity or light. Figure 2.19 shows a baseband transmission with a bidirectional digital wave. With baseband transmission, the entire communication channel capacity is used to transmit a single data signal. The digital signal uses the complete bandwidth of the cable, which constitutes a single channel. The termbandwidthrefers to the data transfer capacity, or speed of transmission, of a digital communications system as measured in bits per second (bps).
What is the sampling theorem?
Answer The most common sampling theorem is known from Harry Nyquist, 1889 -1976. It is the foundation of digital audio. In 1928, Nyquist wrote a paper called "Certain Factors in Telegraph Transmission Theory" where he proved that for complete signal reconstruction, the required frequency bandwidth is proportional to the signaling speed, and that the minimum bandwidth is equal to half the number of code elements per second.
What is the effect of bandwidth on a digital signals?
Bandwidth is an inherent characteristic of a given transmission channel, or is determined by the narrowest-bandwidth component of the system. The bandwidth of a channel will limit the possible attainable data rates. This is shown simply by Shannon's Theorem, which states C = B log_2 (1+P_signal/P_noise), where C is the channel capacity in bps, B is the channel bandwidth in Hz, P_signal is the power of the detected signal in W, and P_noise is the noise power of the detected signal in W. As an example, consider a standard phone line (i.e., using a dial-up modem). Standard phone lines have a bandwidth of about 3.4 kHz and a signal-to-noise ratio of about 10,000. Using this information, we get C = (3.4 kHz) log_2 (1+10,000) = 45 kbps. Dial-up modems can actually get as high as 56 kbps, but that is beyond the scope of this question. In general Shannon's Theorem can provide a fairly accurate way to predict the possible data rates for a given transmission channel if the bandwidth and resulting signal and noise powers are known.
What are the Advantages of analog and digital communications?
Disadvantage of Analog Communication: 1)Analog Communication systems are costlier than digital communication system. 2)Less Security in Analog Communication 3)More prone to noise interference. Advantage of Analog Communication: 1)Transmission bandwidth required is less. 2)No need of synchronization. Advantage of Digital Communication: 1)Digital Communication systems are simpler and cheaper. 2)Using data encryption only permitted user are allowed to detect the transmitted data. 3)Since in Digital Communication, channel coding is used, therefore a large amount of errors may be detected 4)Since transmitted signal is digital in nature,large amount of noise tolerance may be tolerated Disadvantage of Digital Communication: 1)More transmission bandwidth required. 2)Digital Communication needs synchronization in case of synchronous modulation.
What are Advantages of delta modulation?
The delta modulation transmits only one bit for one sample. Thus the signaling rate and transmission channel bandwidth is quite small for delta modulation. The transmitter and receiver implementation is very much simple for delta modulation. There is no analog to digital converter involved in delta modulation. The disadvantages of delta modulation are slope overload distortion and granular noise. These are the two drawbacks of delta modulation.
Why is bandwidth more economical than digital?
This question doesn't make sense.
Important factors that can be used to comparing the various digital-to digital encoding schemes?
A lack of high-frequency components means that less bandwidth is required for transmission. In addition, lack of a direct-current (dc) component means that ac coupling via transformer is possible. The magnitude of the effects of signal distortion and interference depend on the spectral properties of the transmitted signal. Clocking: Encoding can be used to synchronize the transmitter and receiver. Error detection: It is useful to have some error detection capability built into the physical signaling encoding scheme. Signal interference and noise immunity: Certain codes exhibit superior performance in the presence of noise. Cost and complexity: The higher the signaling rate to achieve a given data rate, the greater the cost. Some codes require a signaling rate that is in fact greater than the actual data rate
What is the difference between a digital box and a digital adapter?
The digital box processes digital-quality signals, with this you have access to on screen channel guides. A digital adapter provides digital-quality signals, with this you cannot access on screen channel guides.
