A solution of sodium hydroxide in water most likely to have a pH close to 14
14
In most instances, sodium hydroxide is sufficiently close in chemical properties to potassium hydroxide to make each one a substitute for the other. There are some exceptions, however, and more details about the "activation process" under consideration would be needed to give a more detailed answer.
I found this at WikiPedia. It's pretty close. Magnesium Hydroxide is Milk of Magnesia. They show Magnesium Hydroxide from a magnesium salt: ----- The chemical formula of sodium hydroxide is NaOH. The chemical formula of magnesium hydroxide is Mg(OH)2.
There are several methods for producing sodium hydroxide, or NaOH. The most common way of making NaOH at least as long ago as several hundred years if not more than 1000 was by mixing sodium carbonate, lime, and water. Lime is calcium hydroxide, which is made by heating a mixture of water and crushed limestone. The reaction of sodium carbonate and lime in water is: Na2(CO3) + Ca(OH)2 -----> CaCO3 + 2 NaOH The calcium carbonate formed is barely soluble in water, therefore the solution of NaOH is poured, filtered, or pumped away from the calcium carbonate precipitate and the water is allowed to evaporate away. A solution of NaOH can be easily made by allowing sodium metal to react with water. However, DO NOT PERFORM THIS REACTION WITHOUT A PROFESSOR'S GUIDANCE! The reaction produces hydrogen gas and a lot of heat; enough to ignite the hydrogen and air mixture, which will cause an explosion. Today, most NaOH is made using DC electricity and seawater. The anode is immersed in, or fed filtered seawater, and it is surrounded by a semipermeable membrane through which chlorine gas cannot pass and enter the solution. At the surface of the anode, chloride ions are oxidized to chlorine gas which is captured. Of course the cathode must be in electrical contact with the anode and the ionic balance must be maintained or nothing will happen. It's impossible to remove chloride anions without either replacing them with another anion or removing an equal number of cations. When making sodium hydroxide, water is reduced at the cathode to hydrogen gas and hydroxide anions, which replace the lost chloride ions and keep the reaction going. Thus, what is left in the seawater are the sodium and hydroxide ions, plus small concentrations of other ions. Solid NaOH is made by removing the water, probably by vacuum distillation. More pure NaOH can be made by recrystallizing the initial NaOH, or ion-exchange resins may be used to remove ions other than Na+ and OH-. There may be other methods for purifying the initial NaOH. The reason the chlorine gas must be removed is because a solution of chlorine gas in sodium hydroxide forms chlorine bleach, like Clorox®.
They are very close to each other, they both dissociate completely in solution, as they both contain the sodium cation. 36g of NaCl can dissolve in 100g of H_2_0 and 50.4g of NaCH_3_COO can dissolve in 100g of H_2_O So Sodium acetate is slightly more soluable because it also forms a weak acid with the acetate ion, creating a buffer solution, where as sodium and chlorine do not.
14
No. You could only justify yes if you considered that there wrere sodium ions in solution along with very low quantities of OH- ions (sea water is close to neutral). There are also many other ions, such as Cl-, SO42-
In most instances, sodium hydroxide is sufficiently close in chemical properties to potassium hydroxide to make each one a substitute for the other. There are some exceptions, however, and more details about the "activation process" under consideration would be needed to give a more detailed answer.
Actually, no English word rhymes perfectly with "hydroxide." There are words that sound similar, such as "peroxide," but while these two may be close, they do not rhyme perfectly with each other.
I found this at WikiPedia. It's pretty close. Magnesium Hydroxide is Milk of Magnesia. They show Magnesium Hydroxide from a magnesium salt: ----- The chemical formula of sodium hydroxide is NaOH. The chemical formula of magnesium hydroxide is Mg(OH)2.
Yes, sodium hydroxide (the modern term for the archaic "caustic soda") is a base (not quite the same as an alkali, but close and much more clearly defined).
Standardizing a solution is done to find the precise concentration of the solution. It is often done through titrations between two different chemicals, usually an acid or a base. Standardizing a solution can also be done if you know the concentration, but just want to double check it.
There are several methods for producing sodium hydroxide, or NaOH. The most common way of making NaOH at least as long ago as several hundred years if not more than 1000 was by mixing sodium carbonate, lime, and water. Lime is calcium hydroxide, which is made by heating a mixture of water and crushed limestone. The reaction of sodium carbonate and lime in water is: Na2(CO3) + Ca(OH)2 -----> CaCO3 + 2 NaOH The calcium carbonate formed is barely soluble in water, therefore the solution of NaOH is poured, filtered, or pumped away from the calcium carbonate precipitate and the water is allowed to evaporate away. A solution of NaOH can be easily made by allowing sodium metal to react with water. However, DO NOT PERFORM THIS REACTION WITHOUT A PROFESSOR'S GUIDANCE! The reaction produces hydrogen gas and a lot of heat; enough to ignite the hydrogen and air mixture, which will cause an explosion. Today, most NaOH is made using DC electricity and seawater. The anode is immersed in, or fed filtered seawater, and it is surrounded by a semipermeable membrane through which chlorine gas cannot pass and enter the solution. At the surface of the anode, chloride ions are oxidized to chlorine gas which is captured. Of course the cathode must be in electrical contact with the anode and the ionic balance must be maintained or nothing will happen. It's impossible to remove chloride anions without either replacing them with another anion or removing an equal number of cations. When making sodium hydroxide, water is reduced at the cathode to hydrogen gas and hydroxide anions, which replace the lost chloride ions and keep the reaction going. Thus, what is left in the seawater are the sodium and hydroxide ions, plus small concentrations of other ions. Solid NaOH is made by removing the water, probably by vacuum distillation. More pure NaOH can be made by recrystallizing the initial NaOH, or ion-exchange resins may be used to remove ions other than Na+ and OH-. There may be other methods for purifying the initial NaOH. The reason the chlorine gas must be removed is because a solution of chlorine gas in sodium hydroxide forms chlorine bleach, like Clorox®.
They are very close to each other, they both dissociate completely in solution, as they both contain the sodium cation. 36g of NaCl can dissolve in 100g of H_2_0 and 50.4g of NaCH_3_COO can dissolve in 100g of H_2_O So Sodium acetate is slightly more soluable because it also forms a weak acid with the acetate ion, creating a buffer solution, where as sodium and chlorine do not.
Yes it does conduct electricity. Since the ions are broken up by the water solution, it is able to conduct electricity. In it's dried solid form the ions are too close together, for the sodium bicarbonate to be a conductor.
If Hydrochloric acid (with a PH of around 1) is added to Sodium Hydroxide(with a PH of around 14), if the quantities are even then the end product will have a PH close to 7 (A neutral PH). This is why it is called NeutralizationPut another way, if the proper amount and concentration of an acid and a base are mixed, the two will completely react to form a salt and water.e.g. the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide:HCl + NaOH --> H2O + NaClWater has a pH of 7. So does sodium chloride. Therefore, the resulting solution is neutral.
Close but not quite. Soda ash is sodium carbonate.