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Q: Antigen presentation is essential for the activation and clonal selection of?
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The binding of an antigen to an antibody can result in?

neutralization of the antigen, agglutination or precipitation, and complement activation.


What do dendrictic cell do?

antigen processing and presentation


Is T cell activation antigen specific?

Yes. The first signal that a T cell receives from an antigen presenting cell (dendritic cell) is MHC presenting an antigen (foreign peptide). This gives the T cell specificity to this antigen.


Alloreactivity is a positive selection step or negative selection step?

Neither. Alloreactivity has to do with a lymphocytes reacting to a foreign antigen. Positive and negative selection are processes of central tolerance which is to say that they deal with a T cell's ability to bind self-antigen.


When IL-2 is secreted by antigen-specific T cells activated due to presentation of antigen by APCs What happens to naive antigen-nonspecific T cells in the vicinity?

They proliferate due to their exposure to IL-2


What is clonal selection responsible for?

Clonal selection is responsible for the proliferation of clones of effector and memory cells specific for an encountered antigen


What area is antigen challenge and clonal selection most likely to occur?

Lymph node


How do cells involved in the humoral response respond to antigen presentation on the surface of a B cell?

Helper T cells recognize the receptor-antigen complex and cause plasma and memory cells to be produced to then produce antibodies.


Is CD4 an adhesion molecule?

The glycoprotein CD4 is a co-receptor. A co-receptor is "a cell surface receptor, which, when bound to its respective ligand, modulates antigen receptor binding or affects cellular activation after antigen-receptor interactions." (MediLexicon)


What is the type of major histocompatibility marker that's most likely found on a liver cell?

Answer Class II MHC protein. Class II are found in membranes of antigen-presenting cells-phagocytic cells and lymphocytes. The liver performs phagocytosis and antigen presentation.


What are the double signals in T cell activation?

T cells receive 3 signals during activation:1. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) presenting an antigen (foreign peptide) to the T cell receptor2. The co-stimulatory signal (B7 on the dendritic cell binding to CD28 on the T cell)The first signal ensures that the T cell is specific for the antigen it has been presented.The T cell cannot be activated without also recieveing the second signal. This is how the T cell checks that it has been presented an antigen by a "professional" antigen presenting cell.3. Cytokines (signalling molecules) are released by the dendritic cell - these cause the differentiation of the T cell


Which of the following is not an antigen that may be found on the surface of an erythrocyte a A antigen b B antigen c O antigen d Rh antigen?

A antigen