x windows
Linux Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) provide dynamic authorization for applications and services in a Linux system. Linux PAM is evolved from the Unix Pluggable Authentication Modules architecture.
Cygwin is used to port applications that were written for Unix or Linux to a Windows environment.
Yes and no. Linux will not run Windows applications by itself, however, there are ample tools written for Linux that permit you to run Windows applications on Linux. The open-source WINE software will run a majority of Windows software on Linux. You can even configure Linux to automatically recognize Windows applications and use WINE to run them. Alternatively, there's a wide variety of virtual machine products that permit you to run the Windows operating system as an application under Linux, and, in turn, any Windows applications inside the Windows virtual environment. Finally, some "Windows applications" are written in .Net or Java and can be run directly under Linux using mono and java respectively (albeit, some .Net applications will not yet run under mono).
X Windows
It would seem that when comparing Linux, Macintosh and Windows operating systems, Linux has the advantage. However, most programs and applications that are in high demand are usually written for Windows operating systems.
There are many applications with Linux software package equivalents available. Some examples of these applications include Google Chrome and Google Music Manager.
Some people refers to Linux-based systems as "GNU/Linux" if they use software written fr the GNU operating system.
On some Linux systems there is an application called "GNOME Do" which does that.
Linux is a kernel, as such it is used to facilitate communications between applications and computer hardware.
Yes, Linux applications have significantly less viruses than Windows or Mac's OS. As Linux makes up less than two percent of OS usage, it makes no sense to the creators of viruses to make a virsus for Linux.
ISO MasterXChatGCompris
Linuxreviews.org is the place to go to read about all things related to Linux. The latest applications are listed on the website with plenty of user reviews underneath.