They are descended from him.
No. Abraham lived among them, but was not related to them. His family originated further north and was Semitic. Also, Abraham's beliefs were the polar opposite of those of the Sumerians. See also:More about Abraham
Arabs are descended from Abraham just as Jews are. After that initial connection, Jews (Israelites) and Arabs have been distict peoples with separate languages and religions. Jews are descended from Isaac (son of Abraham), while Arabs are descended from Ishmael (son of Abraham). See Genesis ch.16, 17 and 21.
no
Assyrians descended from the Sumerians and Akkadians. When the Assyrian Empire began, they were technically the Sumerians and Akkadians, but there was no "Sumerian Empire" or "Akkadian Empire" at that time. There was earlier, but not then.
The Jews had no expectations for Jesus because they did not regard him as the Messiah. However they did believe that the hoped-for Messiah would be descended from King David. It has been pointed out that a thousand years after the time attributed to David, possibly two million Jews could claim to be descended from David.
semitic nations descended from a common father, Abraham
Arabs (including Palestinian Arabs) are descended from Abraham just as Jews are, which is why Arabs are called "our cousins" in Jewish Torah-commentaries. But after the initial connection, Jews (Israelites) and Arabs have been distict peoples with separate languages and religions. Jews are descended from Isaac (son of Abraham), while Arabs are descended from Ishmael (son of Abraham). See Genesis ch.16, 17 and 21.
No he was not. That's made up.
No, there were and are 12 tribes. The Ethiopian Jews are believed to be descended from Jews who traveled throughout Africa.
The Jewish people are descended from Abraham, the first Jew.
Probably because they are descended from Arabs who are generally blessed with formidable noses