yes
Canada and the United States (along with most of the rest of North America and some of South America) use a connector standardized by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. The outlets feature two slotted inputs for the electrical current and one hole for the ground.
America 120 volts 60 Hertz, Australia 240 volts 50 Hertz.
Yes
Yes
Winter, south America like Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere and therefore shares the same seasons.
Africa
Probably about the same time as America
Yes
Exactly the same way you send a text to that mobile if it's in America.
Much the same ratio as America and Europe
No. Australia is not related to America.