In Italy most of its city-states ceased to be republics and power was taken over by the personal rule of lords. Most city-states became lordships (signorie). In the rest of Europe the monarchies were consolidating their power. Previously kings were challenged by the aristocracy. In this period the monarchies developed strong central bureaucracies which strengthened the kings' control over their kingdoms.
Humanism was a strong characteristic of the Renaissance which began in Italy early in the fifteenth century with artists like Brunelleschi and Donatello.
discovery of the new worldOne indirect result of the Crusades was that the feudal system was not as strong as it had been. Another indirect result was that trade and commerce picked up.
There was no single political system in use in Europe during the Middle Ages, though most countries were monarchies. Most medieval monarchies had a crown left to a single heir, usually, but not always, the eldest son. There were hereditary monarchies, in which the kingdom was divided among the heirs when the king died. The Kingdom of the Franks is one example. There were monarchies in which the monarch was elected. The Holy Roman Empire was one of these. There were feudal monarchies, in which the central government was weak and the local lords strong. The Kingdom of France was like this for much of its medieval existence. Some medieval governments tended toward being absolute monarchies, in which the king had all the power, though most of these came along after the Middle Ages. The Byzantine Empire retained the old Roman senatorial system until the 13th century. Iceland had a parliament whose seats were possessions a person could sell or leave to his heirs. There were monarchies other than kingdoms and empires, Catalonia, which headed by a count until one of the counts decided he was really a king. For much of the Middle Ages, most of Wales was like this as well. There was a territory headed by the Pope, called the Papal States. There were kingdoms that were no bigger than counties. The early medieval Kingdom of Kent is an example. There were independent republics, such as the Republic of Venice and the Republic of Genoa. Within some of the countries, there were many different political systems in use. In The Holy Roman Empire, there were kingdoms, counties of various types, free cities with republican governments and others.
Charlemagne was a shrewd military strategist, and a strong leader. He was responsible for causing education and learning to be stressed. Scholars from many countries came to take advantage of his royal benevolence. Depending on what the relationship was, Charlemagne could either be amazingly benevolent or incredibly cruel.
France, England, and Spain
penis
The Hundred Years war was responsible for the establishment of strong central monarchies in France and England.
The Hundred Years war was responsible for the establishment of strong central monarchies in France and England.
false
What economic factors helped strong monarchies develop? A centralized systems of taxation. Fostering trade, both internally and externally. Feudal aristocracy Stable and centralized governments
Britain, Holland, Belgium, Sweden are all monarchies.
they were not strong anough and they needed to no how to save supplies
Strong Christian influence
Hillary Clinton said, "If you want to know the strength of a country's health system, look at the health of its mothers." A strong health system results in strong countries and families. Strong countries then talk to their adversaries and work together to solve problems around the world.
because monarchies had the most power out of the all the groups
In Italy most of its city-states ceased to be republics and power was taken over by the personal rule of lords. Most city-states became lordships (signorie). In the rest of Europe the monarchies were consolidating their power. Previously kings were challenged by the aristocracy. In this period the monarchies developed strong central bureaucracies which strengthened the kings' control over their kingdoms.