In your own standby phase, yeah. It is a Quickplay spell, so can be played from hand in your own turn. You can draw it, then activate it in the Standby phase, tributing Treeborn Frog, then resummon the frog before the standby phase ends.
A chain link is an activated effect. If you activate something, it starts a chain, and will be chain link 1. A spell speed 2 or 3 effect can be chained to this, becoming chain link 2, and so on.
Yes, being targetted in no way 'locks' the targetted card, stopping it from being activated. If it's the correct spell speed, it can be activated in chain to the targeting effect.
You can only do so in your turn. You may do so during Main Phase like a normal Spell Card. You can also do so to start a Chain. For example, if your monster attacked and your opponent activated Mirror Force, you can Chain My Body as a Shield from your hand. If you plan to activate a Quick-play Spell Card during your opponent's turn, however, you must Set your Quick-play Spell Card during your Main Phase.
Triggers will always go on the chain first before any manually activated cards like Torrential Tribute. Black Rose Dragon's trigger will be chain link 1, Torrential Tribute will be chain link 2, so Torrential Tribute will resolve first, then Black Rose Dragon's effect.
The targeted card is free to be activated in chain to MST as long as it's spell speed 2, or 3.
Activated Normal or Quickplay Spells, and Normal or Counter Traps, remain on the field until after the whole chain has resolved, unless another effect specifically sends them during the chain. So if I activated Secret Barrel, my opponent could chain cards like Jar of Greed to it, but even though that resolves first, the card remains on the field until Secret Barrel finishes resolving, meaning there is no reduction in damage. In another scenario, if Heavy Storm is activated, and Solemn Judgment was chained, Heavy Storm will be negated, destroyed, and sent to the graveyard when Solemn Judgment resolves. Then at the end of the chain, Solemn goes to the graveyard too.
If the controller of Reinforcements has a monster face-up on the field, you can chain Reinforcements to Mystical Space Typhoon, because both Reinforcements and Mystical Space Typhoon are Spell Speed 2.
A chain link is an activated effect. If you activate something, it starts a chain, and will be chain link 1. A spell speed 2 or 3 effect can be chained to this, becoming chain link 2, and so on.
All of his effects are Triggers, which are activated effects and use the chain. You can chain Divine Wrath to any of them, to negate and destroy him.
Yes. There's no requirement for a Quickplay Spell to be previously set on the field, for it to be activated at any part of your turn. You can add it to a chain in progress in any phase, from hand, as long as it's your turn.
Yes, it's a Quick Effect, and since Mirror Force is not activated in the Damage Step, Evilswarm Thunderbird can chain to it.
Yes, being targetted in no way 'locks' the targetted card, stopping it from being activated. If it's the correct spell speed, it can be activated in chain to the targeting effect.
Montage Dragon does not have any activated effects so it has nothing that can be chained to. However if Fiendish Chain is used on it, then it will not be able to attack, and its continuous effect that grants it an ATK value will be negated, and it will be treated as 0.
Light and Darkness Dragon's effect can only be used once in any one chain. So if Enemy Controller was activated, Light and Darkness Dragon will automatically chain to this. If Book of Moon was added at Chain Link 3, then Light and Darkness Dragon can do nothing against it. Book of Moon will resolve, flipping LaDD face-down. Light and Darkness Dragon's effect can only resolve properly if on resolution it can lose 500 ATK and DEF, so its effect will fail to resolve if it has left the field or is face down. So Enemy Controller will resolve too (assume it targeted another monster).
You can only do so in your turn. You may do so during Main Phase like a normal Spell Card. You can also do so to start a Chain. For example, if your monster attacked and your opponent activated Mirror Force, you can Chain My Body as a Shield from your hand. If you plan to activate a Quick-play Spell Card during your opponent's turn, however, you must Set your Quick-play Spell Card during your Main Phase.
No, sending the card is a cost to activate the effect. So basically when the effect has been activated as chain link 1, the Spell/Trap card is no longer on the field and therefore can't be activated in chain.
Triggers will always go on the chain first before any manually activated cards like Torrential Tribute. Black Rose Dragon's trigger will be chain link 1, Torrential Tribute will be chain link 2, so Torrential Tribute will resolve first, then Black Rose Dragon's effect.