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Can monoclonal antibodies be specific for multiple antigenic determinants?
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
No, they are pure antibody preparations specific for a single antigenic determinant.
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
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Difference between monoclonal antibody and polyclonal antibody?
Polyclonal antibodiesMonoclonal antibodiesInexpensive to produceExpensive to produceTechnology required is lowHigh technology requiredSkills required are lowTraining is required for the technology useTime scale is shortTime scale is long for hybridomasProduces large amounts of non specific antibodiesCan produce large amounts of specific antibodies but may be too specificRecognizes multiple epitopes on any one antigenRecognizes only one epitope on an antigenCan be batch to batch variabilityOnce a hybridoma is made it is a constant and renewable source and all batches will be identical
What is the ABO blood typing system?
The AB blood type is an example of a blood type having no antibodies.
Macromolecule that is impoetant in disease defense and immunity?
Bacteria and other foreign invaders are attacked by the immune system via special proteins called antibodies. They work by binding on to corresponding sites on the pathogen called antigens. This works to neutralise the invaders by blocking its glycoproteins and marking it for destruction by macrophage white blood cells. Some larger antibodies can bind multiple pathogens together in a process called agglutination.
What is multiple alilism?
The genes which have more than one alleles are called multiple allelic genes and this phenomenon is known as multiple allelism.
What medical disorder in which the myelin in the CNS has been destroyed?
Multiple sclerosis affects the myelin sheath.
Exciting New Treatments For Cancer And Autoimmune Diseases?
Antibodies are produced by the body's immune system when an infection occurs. Under normal circumstances, the antibodies that are produced recognize a broad range of targets, for example, different parts of a virus or bacteria. Each specific antibody is known as a clone, and the normal response to an infection is a polyclonal response, because many different specificities are represented.Polyclonal antibodies purified from animals are commonly used tool in biological research. However, the polyclonal nature of antibodies can be detrimental, as the exact specificity is unknown. In order to overcome these complications, scientists developed a method for generating monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), i.e., antibodies of a single specificity. Ultimately, the development of the technology for producing monoclonal antibodies resulting in the presentation of the 1984 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Niels Jerne, Georges Kohler and Cesar Milstein.Immediately following the development of monoclonal antibodies, these reagents were primarily utilized as research tools. Subsequently, mAbs have been developed into important diagnostic tests including pregnancy tests, HIV screening tests, and cancer diagnostics.More recently, monoclonal antibodies have been developed for the treatment of a number of different diseases. Thus far, this type of biological therapy has been FDA-approved for the treatment of various cancers and autoimmune diseases as well as the prevention of rejection of transplanted organs.Monoclonal antibody treatment of cancer is effective because the antibody can be used to block pathways that drive the growth of the cancer cells or inhibit the ability of the tumor to drive the development of new blood vessels that are required to supply the growing tumor with nutrients. In the case of autoimmune disease, including multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis, monoclonal antibody therapies can block the cells that cause damage from entering the tissues they target or they can block the ability of the cells to function. Similarly, monoclonal antibodies can be used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, a response that is driven by activation of the immune system.Monoclonal antibodies are an exciting new avenue of intervention for diseases that have traditionally been very difficult to treat. Research regarding this approach is ongoing, and new drugs are being approved frequently. For example, the FDA has approved two new monoclonal antibody drugs in the first quarter of 2011 alone, illustrating the rapid progress of this new tactic for treating chronic diseases.
What are the ethical issues with monoclonal antibodies?
- Production involves the use of mice. These mice are used to produce both antibodies and tumour cells. The production of tumour cells involves deliberately inducing cancer in mice. Despite specific guidelines drawn up to minimise any suffering, some people still have reservations about using animals in this way.- To eliminate the need for humanisation of the antibody, transgenic mice can be used. In this case, a human gene is placed in the mice to that they can produce human antibodies rather than mouse antibodies. This raises the whole debate surrounding the ethics of genetic engineering.- Monoclonal antibodies have been used successfully to treat a number of diseases, including cancer and diabetes, saving many lives. There have also been some deaths associated with their use in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.- Testing for the safety of new drugs presents certain dangers. In march 2006, six healthy volunteers took part in the trial of new monoclonal antibody (TGN1412) in London. Within minutes they suffered multiple organ failure, probably as a result of T cells overproducing chemicals that stimulate an immune response or attacking the body tissues. All the volunteers survived, but it raises issues about the conduct of drug trials.
Can Rheumatoid Arthritis cause a Monoclonal Spike or MGUS?
Yes, and some doctors misdiagnose Rheumatoid Arthritis as Multiple Myeloma!
What are atypical antibodies?
these are the allo antibodies produced against the foreign cells in a transfused patient usually foun in patients with multiple transfusions
What can your body get antibodies from?
Your body creates antibodies - as a result of being infected. An antibody only attacks an infection it's been 'programmed' to identify - so a single antibody will not attack multiple diseases. For example - say a person develops measles and chicken pox. Their immune system would produce two different antibodies to attack each disease.
Difference between monoclonal antibody and polyclonal antibody?
Polyclonal antibodiesMonoclonal antibodiesInexpensive to produceExpensive to produceTechnology required is lowHigh technology requiredSkills required are lowTraining is required for the technology useTime scale is shortTime scale is long for hybridomasProduces large amounts of non specific antibodiesCan produce large amounts of specific antibodies but may be too specificRecognizes multiple epitopes on any one antigenRecognizes only one epitope on an antigenCan be batch to batch variabilityOnce a hybridoma is made it is a constant and renewable source and all batches will be identical
What is DIF test related to skin biopsy?
The DIF (direct immunofluorescence) test on a skin biopsy involves staining the tissue sample with fluorescently labeled antibodies to detect the presence and localization of specific proteins (such as antibodies or immune complexes) in the skin. This test helps in diagnosing autoimmune skin conditions such as pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, and lupus erythematosus.
What is the ABO blood typing system?
The AB blood type is an example of a blood type having no antibodies.
Can rh positive blood influence HIV status?
Yes because of the multiple protein genes in the rhesus blood, which makes it easier for the blood to be tuned positive to HIV antibodies reacting tests.
Macromolecule that is impoetant in disease defense and immunity?
Bacteria and other foreign invaders are attacked by the immune system via special proteins called antibodies. They work by binding on to corresponding sites on the pathogen called antigens. This works to neutralise the invaders by blocking its glycoproteins and marking it for destruction by macrophage white blood cells. Some larger antibodies can bind multiple pathogens together in a process called agglutination.
Advantages of indirect over direct immunofluorescence?
The secondary antibodies can bind to multiple sites on the primary antibody and thus produce a brighter signal since more dyes are brought to a single location. http://www.bio.davidson.edu/COURSES/genomics/method/IMF.html
What are the factors that determine how much life insurance will cost?
To determine the cost of life insurance your age, gender, health and lifestyle are taken into cosideration. Mortality rates tables are also used to find out the risk the insurance company will assume. You can get comparison rates from multiple companies on website.
