Yes, they can.
No--only someone who is convicted of a felony (one type of crime) is a felon.
Yes, simply being arrested and/or charged does not make you a criminal UNLESS you are convicted of a crime in court.
In the U.S. it depends on the crime.
In the US, the only time you can say a person is guilty of a crime is after they have been convicted of the crime. Until a person is convicted or admits guilt in a court of law, they are charged with the crime or suspected of the crime.
You can ALWAYS be charged and convicted of a crime that you just committed. However, it cannot be made a part of the same case you were going to court for.
Because there are crime scenes that need to be investigated to obtain evidence relating to the crime so that the perpetrator of the crime can be identified and convicted in a court of law.
If someone is convicted that means they are found guilty of a crime (by jury or judge). After someone is convicted, they are sentenced, which means the judge (usually, sometimes jury) decides what punishment is appropriate. This can happen quite a while after someone is convicted because the court needs to do a presentencing investigation where the guilty party's age, past criminal record, mental health, etc. can be taken into account.
No. These are two separate actions. "Charged" is accusation of a crime, such as in a formal arraignment. "Convicted" is found guilty of a crime, by a jury or judge in a court of law or adminstrative proceeding.
In Florida, convicted FELONS, DO have restrictions on their activities, and some of what what other people enjoy as their civil rights, are denied to them because of their status. "Shouldn''t have done the crime!"
No. Whether or not they remember the crime does not change the fact that they committed the crime.
the infliction of physical injury on someone convicted of committing a crime...
You can only be tried in a criminal court once for the same crime. However you can be tried in civil court for the same event. O.J. Simpson for example. You could be tried in a different jurisdiction under a different theory for the same events. For example, you murder someone and are acquitted in state court. You confess to the crime. The feds could try you in federal court for depriving the deceased of his civil rights and/or for conspiracy.