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Wherever there is stress there is strain.

In the example you noted, if heated bar expands freely without one end constained it changes its strain without stress; that strain is called eigenstrain.

If the same bar is held rigidly then the eigenstrain resisted and you get stress and strain. So stress cannot exist without strain; but strain can exist without stress if it is eigenstrain.

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Q: Can stress exists without strain and vice versa. eg a heated bar held rigidly at both ends has no strain but there is stress?
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