Yes they do.
any carrier or broker
No.
Fuel surcharge, usually air line Charges with the ticket.
yes
Fuel Surcharge (FSC)An additional charge assessed for the excessive cost in diesel fuel. The charge is a percentage of the base line haul charges on shipments rated per hundred pounds and a rate per mile for shipments rated for per mile. The surcharge is based based upon the US National Average Diesel Fuel Index. The fuel surcharge will remain in effect as long as the national average exceeds a benchmark of $1.15 per gallon.
international surcharge is fees added due to fuel cost and fees countries charge incoming or outgoing on the air or ocean or land. most of international surcharge are seen or noticed on flights fees. as of today Sep 5th 2012 +/- 40% of your airline ticket is paid to other countries as international surcharge
The YQ "tax" is not actually a government imposed tax but an airline surcharge. Typically, the YQ "tax" includes a security surcharge and/or a fuel surcharge.
A fuel surcharge is what most trucking companies and some business charge for fuel useage, usually based on mileage. This rate is calculated using the DOE (Dept. of Energy) website. That gives national averages. I not sure on exactly how the weekly amount is figured. But as of this date, its around .52 cents give or take. This amount is what offsets fuel costs involved with shipping.
the person who pays for the fuel
(in the US) The cost and price of motor fuel is regulated by the individual states. This question needs to be directed to the state agency of your state that controls this regulation.
There are not any car rental agencies that charge a surcharge for drivers over the age of 65. This would be considered discrimination.