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AC alternates - so the current naturally passes through zero twice very cycle. Interruption in an AC Circuit breaker takes place at one of those natural current zeros.

There is arcing during the course of interruption - dielectric strength builds up gradually as the breaker contacts physically open, and until the contacts have opened sufficiently, conduction will re-establish after the initial currents zeros. But once the contacts are open sufficiently to provide enough dielectric strength, the arc will be extinguished. The breaker mechanism may include provides to accelerate arc extinction - typical scheme include arrangements that extend and cool the arc.

DC does not alternate, so there are no natural current zeros. That implies two things. First, the physical opening of the breaker must be faster and physically greater to create sufficient dielectric withstand to extinguish the arc. That is usually what is done with smaller breaker.

But for breakers with larger electrical ratings, it may be necessary to include a provision to force an artificial current zero. One approach is to include a capacitor that is charged by the normal DC voltage, and that is inserted into the circuit as the breaker opens to oppose the normal voltage to force the current to zero.

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8y ago
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9y ago

The fuse wire is the same size for both fuses. A DC fuse has to be made larger to withstand a possible arc that lasts longer than it does with AC where the current usually stops in the first half-cycle after the fault.

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11y ago

Usually ac fuses are made smaller because the current stops twice in every cycle, so any arcing that occurs will blow out in that short time. DC fuses are more carefully made so that when they blow, any resulting arc does no damage.

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13y ago

Fuses are rated as to their voltage and amps and of course the physical size of the fuse is important. Never use a fuse for an application that it isn't rated for.

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Q: Are dc voltage fuses different to ac voltage fuses?
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