YES. Under Common Law you can sue for damages due to malicious prosecution.
You can sue for damages, provided you can prove that there were damages, but law enforcement and courts are not responsible for any "damage" they do if they were operating within the confines of the law. In other words, if the justice system had a legal right to do whatever they did AT THE TIME THEY DID IT (ie: when you were still implicated, before you were cleared), you don't have a leg to stand on.
As an example: If the police came and tore up your couches, you cannot sue to replace them unless they...
A) didn't have a warrant at all
B) the warrant did not permit them to search there (they can't search for a stolen TV in your couch because it could not be there)
C) the warrant was improperly granted, with insufficient evidence to establish probable cause
D) the police misconducted themselves in some other way (insufficient evidence for a stop or reasonable suspicion, abuse, denying medical care, arrest without reading Miranda Rights, etc....)
I don't know what your situation is, but if you got fired for being suspected of something, you could possibly get a letter from a court official stating you were cleared, but it won't necessarily require your employer to hire you back. Furthermore if the contract with your employer was "at will" (and it probably was) then there's literally nothing you can do - they're allowed to fire you because they don't like your face, or just because they feel like it.
You'll have to look at the specific laws in the jurisdiction that tried you.
He was falsely accused of a crime he didn't commit.
If you are falsely accused of a crime with a minor you need to seek out the expertise of a lawyer. They will be able to assess the evidence and develop a plan to ensure your freedom.
False reporting of spousal abuse is a crime because it taint's the character of the person being falsely accused. It is immoral, can cause damage in the accused person's life and the accused person should take legal action.
In Jonathan Swift's "Gulliver's Travels," Lemuel Gulliver is falsely accused of treason by the Lilliputians. They accuse him of planning to rebel against their emperor.
Being accused of a major crime means that you are being accused of doing something really bad, criminally. This can range from theft to assaulting someone.
The year 1949 was full of slang words. "Bum rap" meant someone was being falsely accused of a crime. "Gas" wasn't what you put in your car, but was in reference to a laugh or having a good time.
being sexy
yes
That would be the Defendant.
If you have falsely accused someone of committing a crime they have not committed, you can be charge with making false statements. IF caught, there can be serious consequences. Deportation is a strong possibility.
If you have been accused of any crime then in most countries of the world you can and should get a lawyer.
His story affects people in many ways-being the youngest person to be executed and being falsely accused for a crime someone else committed. He was a victim of racial injustice. Some people still believe he caused the murders-which is truly racism.