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What are causes of voltage drop?

Updated: 8/9/2023
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12y ago

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Think of it in terms of a central heating system that uses a number of radiators: the water pump applies pressure across all the radiators. But there must also be a pressure difference across the inlet and outlet to each radiator, or water wouldn't flow through the individual radiators. The sum of these pressure differences will equal the pressure delivered across the entire system by the pump.

Now imagine a number of resistances connected in series. There must be individual potential differences across each resistance or current wouldn't flow through them. We call these individual potential differences, 'voltage drops', and the sum of the voltage drops across each resistance will equal the magnitude of supply voltage, but act in the opposite sense.

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12y ago
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14y ago

The cause of voltage drop is when the impedance of connectors is small relative to the components in a circuit. Ex. Air conditioner has 10 ohm resistance and the wire being used has 0.2 ohm resistance, about 2% total resistance of the circuit. The 2% of the supplied voltage is being lost by the wire itself.

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13y ago

The primary cause of excessive voltage drop is excessive resistance, such as a loose connection. It could also be excessive current through a system not designed to carry that current.

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