Not usually. If you're using it as a form of address, then maybe, but if you're using it as a form of address it's probably the first word in the sentence and so would be capitalized anyway.
Yes
No, only after a full stop (period). Also do not capitalise "The" and "A" in your sentence.
The only time you would capitalize the word south is if it were at the beginning of a sentence or part of someone's name.
No, because it is n ot a proper n ou n.
No, senior citizens does not require capitalization, unless senior is the first word in a sentence.
in The King ***
There is no need to capitalise the word 'koala' in a sentence. Nor do you use the word 'bear', as koalas are not bears.
No, because it is not a proper noun. In the same way, you would not capitalise the first letter of breakfast, lunch, or dinner. However, if the word "afternoon tea" was the name of a specific title for an event, eg Mad Hatter's Afternoon Tea, you may capitalise the first letters of each word.
No, only capitalise the first word if you're writing a sentence.
It is often enough to just capitalise the first letter in each word, not every single letter.
There is no need to capitalise "indigenous Australians", except for the 'A'.The word Aborigine should be capitalised, but aboriginal should not.
No.