if they are disabled or retired and draw social security payments
no, but you have to be a US citizen
No.
You may go to the Aetna Medicare site to apply for medicare. There are multiple forms you need to fill out to obtain the specific type of medicare you need.
yes
Medicare is a Federal program; you apply thru the Social Security Administration. It doesn't matter where you live.
It depends on which insurance one needs. If it's just basic medicare, one can apply online at https://secure.ssa.gov/apps6z/iClaim/rib
Hospitals are reimbursed by Medicare for handling a high level of indigent patients and are also reimbursed for educating interns and residents. When a Medicare patient is covered by a Medicare Replacement Plan (HMO Insurance for medicare patients), the hospital can only get the extra reimbursement for indigent patients and educating intern and residents if they send Medicare a "shadow bill". Basically, it is a copy of the identical bill sent to the HMO which is submitted to Medicare only for the purpose for the extra payment.
There are forms on the Medicare government website as well as an online application available. You can also apply by phone or at a social security office.
You should apply three months before your 65th birthday.
In limited instances - refugees, permanent residents who have been in the US at least five years, etc.
To receive Medicare, you have to have 40 quarters/credits of "covered employment" in the US.If you are referring instead to Medicaid, you might be eligible. Contact your state's Medicaid agency.
Get them from the source http://www.medicare.gov/
Medicare part D is a prescription drug coverage insurance that is a part of your medicare insurance if you qualify. It can be applied for at the medicare.gov website.