Explain the importance objectives of management information system and widening scope management information system?

Why do managers study information system?

In today's highly technological world, Information in an organization is as important, if not more important, than other assets. The systems and resources processing such Information are also of major importance. Secondly, ICT Systems have gradually taken over decision making responsibilities from human beings. Increased volumes, changing technology and widening expertise may lead to risks such as the following: * Loss of data due to accidents, deliberate intervention, etc. * Loss of confidentiality due to insecure access to information * High cost of recovery in case of breakdowns * Inefficient acquisition and development of software applications * Inefficient use of ICT systems due to lack of training * Business interruption * Loss of information integrity ICT Units are then under a major pressure to ensure the success of their systems and processes. www.etherlook.com

Factors contributing to the increase in globalisation?

Globalisation is being promoted through the four traditional links the emergence and evolution of TNCs with increasingly diverse business interests spread over an ever widening areathe growth of regional economic or trading blocs such as EU , NAFTA (north American free trade agreement) APEC ( Asia paciific economic cooperation forum)the encouragement of free trade between memeber countries is a another way of breaking down the economic barrier effects of national boundaries the development of transport links and networks capable of moving goods, quickly and relatively cheap. lastly the avances in information communication technologies. these are cruical for decision making mangament and gerenally overcoming the friction of time and distance.

Why is change always resisted in organizations?

All systems, from the simple cell to the biggest organizations, have resistance against a change. This is part of the inbuilt survival mechanism; otherwise the system would easily fall apart or is vulnerable against influences coming from the outside. The once established structure, grown over long time, gives stability and so security, from which individuals within this system, gain their own profit by being part and identified with it. Personality is a system, which functions in the same way: The individual is identified with the once established structure; build by mental concepts and all intellectual knowledge. The same with the emotional structure, which is mostly unconscious and contains all traumas and received influences during lifetime. From this background reactions are triggered, reforcing the established structure. Part of the system is the material form, with which the individual also is identified and the same with all material belongings. The tendency is to add more and more, getting richer or widening ones power by adding more knowledge or emotional excitement. Anything is welcome which serves to make the system more stable and secure. The individual does anything to get confirmation for its existence on all levels, mostly all doing is directed to gain.A change that will not enrich or confirm the system in its existence will be rejected. Even though a change would be an evolutional step and bring the system to a more advanced level, what might be called a transformational change. By doing this step, resistance and other obstacles might vanish, but to do such a step, the system must grow by itself beyond ones limitation through a growing process, which includes all levels of ones being. Manipulation or force, which is usual used, will not work on the long run... How to make a transformational change happen, is another question. There are ways to support and help, but the system must be ready for it.BeiYin

Impact of information technology on business?

Information Tech has revolutionized the phase of business around the world. Local businesses have become international due to a simple website. I.T. has helped businesses in advertising. People who check their email may suddenly have a pop up at their page ends with sales up to 60% at JC Penny's!I.T. has helped in customer service, huge corporations like Microsoft attend to customer needs through email and chat services. Networking internal and external in organizations has improved the working of businesses. Staffs and clients likewise can get in touch with the managers for feedback, progress reports and extensions.Communication has bloomed, two business organizations if they need to work together can easily do so. Hotmail, when merged with MSN was easy since the service was online. Business these days require a lot of planning, due to high tech organization systems on computers, planning can be done on an organized pattern, with schedule formats, grant charts etc. Huge databases can now be controlled and stored on network and back up drives.Together with the advancement of science and technology, technological innovations grew along with it, resulting to the emergence of new equipment and gadgets. No matter how big or small your company is, technology brings both intangible and tangible benefits to become cost efficient and to meet the growing demands and needs of customers. Technological innovations affect corporate efficiency, culture and relationship among employees, clients, suppliers and customers. The type and quality of technology used affect the security of confidential business information.Due to the burden brought by administrative tasks, like inventory, bookkeeping and records keeping, both big and small companies rely on computers to do their administrative works. The birth of Internet and online social networking sites tremendously decreased the costs of business operations. It also makes it easier for companies to use the Six Sigma management methodologies. Some firms shifted to outsourcing instead of hiring their own personnel due to the low costs associated with it. Because of the huge impact of technological innovations to companies, it is impossible for them to live with it.Commonly used high technology equipment:ComputersPhotocopierTelephoneComputer printerInternetPaper shredderMultimedia projectorTouch screen monitorsComputer mouseLaptop computersAdvantages of Technology to Business:Customer Relations. Technology affects the way companies communicate and establish relations with their clients. In a fast moving and business environment, it is vital for them to interact with clients regularly and quickly to gain their trust and to obtain customer loyalty. With the use of Internet and online social networks, firms interact with consumers and answer all their queries about the product. Establishing effective communication with customers not only creates rapport with them, but it also creates strong public image. It allows business enterprises to reduce and to cut carbon dioxide emissions.Business Operations. With the use of technological innovations, business owners and entrepreneur understand their cash flow better, how to manage their storage costs well and enables you to save time and money.Corporate Culture. Technology lets employees communicate and interact with other employees in other countries. It establishes clique and prevents social tensions from arising.Security. Modern security equipment enables companies to protect their financial data, confidential business information and decisions.Research Opportunities. It provides a venue to conduct studies to keep themselves ahead of competitors. It allows companies to virtually travel into unknown markets.Corporate Reports. With technology, business enterprises communicate effectively with their branch offices to deliver quality financial and operational reports.Industrial Productivity. Through the use of business software programs or software packages, it automated traditional manufacturing process, reduces labor costs and enhances manufacturing productivity. It enables companies to increase efficiency and production output.Business mobility. Technological innovations improved companies' sales, services, shorted lead time on receiving and delivering goods and services. Enables them to penetrate multiple markets at least costs.Research capacity. It enables them to conduct studies on various companies to gain knowledge on the new trends in the market and way on avoiding them.A recent survey of United States manufacturers asked what they thought were the most important attributes an agent must possess to succeed. "Technical product knowledge" was most valuable while "Internet marketing capabilities," even in mid1999, came in with only I percent of the vote. With the advantages of IT for the manufacturer, the agent and the foreign buyer, advocacy and praise of comprehensive technical product knowledge is misplaced and takes us in the wrong direction. Surveys such as the one cited here not only reflect the current sentiments of the people, but also perpetuate similarities and traits that make it easier for us to identify those people and companies that we want to be commercially associated with.It is no wonder that most manufacturers are unaware of this fact - what little literature there is on the subject is not readily available. Thus, with a principal's preconceptions fixed in a pre-IT world, they do not grasp the convergence of IT with rep agencies that combine this technology and international experience. As a result, they will have a difficult time working from the same set of assumptions about how to conduct business internationally. IT is a miraculous tool. As Copernicus, the 16th century astronomer, posthumously demonstrated, evolving knowledge inevitably trumps conventional thought. And keep in mind that this is the same type of conventional thinking that is producing our gargantuan trade deficits. The current conceit might be that the world economy will always revolve around the United States and we can remain satiated indefinitely with just our home marketplace. Knowing that this thinking is not sustainable should help in forcing us to reappraise those things that can facilitate more exports of domestic products to our international partners.In the continental United States, the logistics of a manufacturers' representative calling on customers to explain their line (s) of products in their limited geographic area mostly precludes the need for Internet marketing. But internationally, when one factors in eight to 16 time zone differences on multiple continents, IT inverts the above scoring of attributes. Mindful of the obvious impracticality of traveling in person to see multiple of attributes. Mindful of the obvious impracticality of traveling in person to see multiple customers in far-flung locales, I have formed some guidelines concerning what lines to take on and how to interact with manufacturers:- Category Creators - Take on lines from companies that are making unique products. These lines, if they are highly differentiated and easy to understand through your client's Web site, give your foreign customer an immediate marketing advantage in his country and make unnecessary the need for a high degree of technical product knowledge.- Joint Selling - If you must take on a unique but highly technical product, make sure you work out an ongoing technical assistance arrangement with your manufacturer.- Gradualism: Domesticating the Process of International Trade- For those principals that are still uncomfortable working with overseas customers, start by selling to the United States buying offices of your foreign buyers. It is always interesting how many client manufacturers are surprised that many international buyers are located in North America.- Wave the Flag - Make sure your contract with manufacturers spells out that you do not want information relating to detailed product cost, production process methods or confidential business strategies. With the end of the Cold War, there has been a shift from the threat of ICBMs to economic warfare. Given the reality of industrial espionage, even amongst our own allies, by purposely keeping your company separate from the highly sensitive information of your principal, you demonstrate foresight that you have your client's best interests in mind.Wave Them In - The "them" is the FBI and the National Counterintelligence Center (NACIC). The FBI can consult with your clients about protection of sensitive data, and the NACIC posts advisories that can heighten their overall awareness of possible risks. Combined, this step and the previous one will help them feet more confident that they can proceed in the export process.- Wave Goodbye - If it becomes obvious during your meeting(s) with the manufacturer that they do not have the drive or the intent to create the infrastructure necessary for export, then Opt Out. You will be doing everyone a favor, especially your valued overseas buyers who have surmised that part of the agent's job is the vetting of unreliable suppliers.Now that the attributes and traits of international manufacturers' representatives, vis-a-vis domestic representatives, have been somewhat scrambled, I want to point out how international agencies might fall under a new classification. If under the current taxonomy, domestic manufacturers' representatives are a "species," then international manufacturers' representative agencies, as a "subspecies," might best be named "International Information Brokers" (IIB). Besides selling the manufacturer's products or services to foreign buyers, what greatly distinguishes the IIB is: They have developed the skills for the remote retrieval of information and the organization of that information for manufacturers that desire to sell internationally. Though hazy and vague to those not familiar with the process, in the hands of an IIB, resources are accessible from an ever-widening variety of sources.Technology affects businesses on many levels. The more efficient an employee is, the more productive he is to the company. In addition, the more a business stays in touch with its customer base, the better the chance of building customer loyalty. Advances in technology make that possible, as well as allowing employees from around the world to work via video conferencing and telecommuting to work.1. Consumerso The impact of technology on a business isn't restricted to business use. A business is also affected when consumers use technology. At one time, the only way some people had to file their tax returns was through going to either a certified public accountant or a professional tax preparer, or doing taxes themselves. The tax code is complex and some people might not have felt secure in preparing their taxes on their own. However, accounting software evolved to the point where many people simply had to answer a series of questions and the computer would do the rest, including filing the information electronically. Crossovero The technology a business uses might not have been designed for businesses. From a marketing point of view, a company makes more money by going after consumers than businesses. Consumers might buy the latest upgrade to a technological device, such as an iPhone, while businesses tend to use products for longer periods of time. On the other hand, the more consumers purchase the latest product, the better the business side of manufacturing does. A company can reach the consumer market first, then expand into the business arena. When Apple added enhanced security features to the iPhone, businesses began to look at adding iPhones to the list of acceptable phones to use in the business environment, resulting in a crossover market. Social Networkingo Social networking affects the business environment. Employees are connected to social networks. This can be a double-edged sword, however. An employee might post something about the business publicly which should not be shared. In addition, employees need to understand what gets posted for the public to see can have an impact on the work environment, especially if the employee is posting negative comments about the work environment or other employees. On the flip side, businesses can use social networks to monitor customer satisfaction. For example, if a customer is not happy with a product and he posts his feelings online, the company can contact the customer and try to resolve any problems. Since social networks have links to friends and family, seeing the company work hard to make things right with the customer might turn the potential loss of a customer into the chance to gain new customers. Telecommutingo Technology has had a large impact on the business environment in terms of telecommuting. With broadband access and computers today, as well as smartphones, employees can work out of their homes, saving the company money by not needing as physically large a space to operate. With video conferencing, business meetings no longer need to be face-to-face, saving on air fare and hotel reservations.

What are the social responsibilities of an educational manager in order to run successfully the business?

Here we are dealing with another aspect of the work of directing and managing, namely the relationship which directors and managers have with the community in which they live and work, of which they are a part. Decisions taken by directors and managers affect the community, affect the quality of life and indeed the safety of health and life of the people in a widening area. We already defined responsibility <1> by saying that When I give a person work to do, I hold him accountable for the way in which he does it, i.e. he is responsible to me. This is the meaning of responsibility. Hence when we are talking about the 'social responsibilities of directors and managers' then we are talking about their responsibilities towards society, i.e. towards the community. What we are saying is that the purpose of enterprises is to satisfy the needs of the community and that in the end directors and managers are working for the community and that they are accountable to the community for the way in which this work is done. In other words, directors and managers are responsible to the community for what they do, are accountable to the community for the results of their work and for the way in which such results are achieved. Again, this is one end of a scale. It is the 'participative' end of the scale and describes the relationship between the community and its leadership. To understand the point of balance in the many organisations which are neither at one extreme nor the other, we again need to look at the other extreme end of the scale. In theory the 'profit motive' and 'free competition' are supposed to direct effort into areas and directions most needed by the community. In practice it is only infrequently that we have a free market in which prices for needed goods and services are freely determined by supply and demand. Oil prices are determined by what the producers can persuade the customers to pay and the oil producers consult with each other about what to charge next and in this way bring pressure to bear on their customers. Solicitors not only lay down the scale of fees for conveyancing but in addition exclude competition by preventing others from doing the same work. Prices for goods tend not to be the cost of production plus a reasonable margin but tend to be determined by what one can persuade people to pay for what one can persuade them to buy. And demand can be manipulated by the mass media. In practice directors are required by law to act first and foremost in the interests of the owners so that it is profit which is maximised. At this end of the scale, profit is maximised regardless of the cost to others, i.e. regardless of the cost to the community. Since it is long-term profits which are being maximised, profits are maximised regardless of the cost to the community but only to the extent of the likelihood <2> of repercussions. Thus we now need to consider how to assess the work of directors and managers from the point of view of the extent to which their work either serves or harms the community. Hence we now look at some major problems and disasters which have already taken place as the result of preoccupation with profit regardless of the cost to the community and draw some relevant conclusions.

Explain the importance objectives of management information system and widening scope management information system?

Add your answer:

Why do managers study information system?

Factors contributing to the increase in globalisation?

Why is change always resisted in organizations?

Impact of information technology on business?

What are the social responsibilities of an educational manager in order to run successfully the business?

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