All types of cases from misdemeanors to murder.
A normal (petit) jury hears evidence of a case after the arrest and arraignment of the accused.A grand jury hears evidence before the case is filed and may issue indictments based on the evidence presented by the prosecutor alone.Additionally. . .A petit jury merely listens to testimony presented as well as instructions of the judge. It then renders decisions based on the evidence and judge's instructions. Besides criminal cases, it also hears civil cases.A grand jury gets to ask questions of witnesses and can actually start their own investigations into matters not even presented by the prosecutor. (Prosecutors normally attempt to take charge of the jury but it is actually the jury who is in charge.) After hearing the evidence it either bills (indicts), no bills (does not indict), or passes (takes no action), not by a unanimous vote as in criminal cases but by 9 out of 12 as in civil cases. (An indictment merely means the jury believes there is sufficient evidence to hold the subject over for trial.) Grand juries are fun and very interesting to be on, petit juries usually not so.
Grand Jury.
No cases require a jury. Most civil and criminal cases can be tried with a jury if the parties request one.
Grand Jury is the type of jury with more than twelve jurors.
A "grand jury" might be utilized to hand down an indictment in a criminal case. The subsequent trial would be held in 'criminal court' and tried by a 'petit jury.'
Juries empanelled to hear cases in criminal couirts are known as PETIT JURIES. A petit jury is an old-fashioned name for the jury thst hears a lawsuit or criminal prosecution. Petit is the French term meaning "small", to distinguish it from a "grand" jury, which performs other duties, mainly to return an indictment or not. A person on a petit jury is part of the most common type of jury service. See: http://definitions.uslegal.com/p/petit-jury/
(in the US) There is no such Grand Jury that possesses those pwers.
Cases of Impeachment trial may not be held by jury.
The Supreme Court hears any cases that involve the interpretation of the Constitution.
If the procedure happens to exist in that particular state, the individual will first be indicted by a GRAND JURY. When brought to trial their case will be tried by a PETIT JURY. In states with no Grand Jury system, only a Petit Jury is involved.
Grand Jury
A petit jury in a criminal trial decides whether or not a defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. The other type of jury, the Grand Jury, decides whether or not there is sufficient evidence to bring charges against a defendant prior to the trial. It does not decide whether or not the defendant is guilty. Therefore the Grand Jury is not bound by the standard of beyond a reasonable doubt.