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A Doppler radar is a radar that uses a coherent transmitter pulse from a solid state transmitter system, rather than the incoherent pulse from a device such as a magnetron.

A coherent signal is a pure sine wave, therefore having a single frequency spectrum, rather than a cluster of frequencies.

The radar detects rain/wet snow etc in the normal way, by measuring it's Rayliegh backscatter coefficient. However, it can also detect rapid motion of raindrops by measuring the spectrum of the returned signal. The Doppler principal will cause frequency shifts in the signal that can be extracted by Fourier analysis. This allows the violence of the storm to be measured.

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Q: How are differences in rain intensity viewed of a Doppler radar?
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How Doppler radar can be used to measure the intensity of precipitation?

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