How do phylogenetic trees show envolutionary relationships among organisms?

Answer 1

Phylogenetics is the study of the evolutionary history of organisms. Organisms have evolved from shared common ancestors through speciation and natural selection. The phylogentic tree shows us the degree of relatedness of organisms. The more recently a species diverged the more closely related they are as they still share genetic material and the organisms will look more similar eg. (humans and chimpanzees share 94% of genetic material). If the species diverged longer ago, the branches are further apart and they are more distantly related as share less similar genetic material as organisms have evolved over time.

Also molecular phylogenetics compares DNA and protein molecules to see how closely related the species are if these molecules are similar. They are compared by looking at the sequence of bases or hybridisation where two single strands of DNA are mixed forming hydrogen bonds between specific base pairs. The more hydrogen bonds that form means that the DNA is more similar.

Answer 2

diagrams that summarize our evolution of a group of species. Each line represents one lineage; each branch point (or node) represents a common ancestor. A dashed line means that we know something about the lineage but not exactly where it fits in the tree.

Answer 3

The tree diagram shows which species are more closely related to each other. In some versions, the lengths of the branches correspond to the length of time since divergence from the last common ancestor (the node, or point of joining, of two branches).

Answer 4

ancestral relationships of organisms

Plato pre-test people: the answer is A! :D

Answer 5

The nested hierarchies of genetic relatedness in phyla of organisms.

Answer 6

a branching diagram that portrays ancestor-descendent relationships over actual time.

Answer 7

it can be shown with a cladogram

Answer 8

a negro

Answer 9

Ireland