They passed the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments to guarantee equality under the law and the right to vote.
Both amendments counteracted efforts by the President, the southern states, and the courts to block Congress's Reconstruction program.
They passed the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments to guarantee equality under the law and the right to vote.
The Constitution cannot be amended if sufficient agreement is not reached. There are two methods of amendment, both requiring defined levels of agreement between the states and the Congress. If agreement is reached, the amendment is adopted. Amendments can also be repealed by the enactment of a further amendment.
Nope, National government has sovereign power over State government. Wrong. The Constitution gives Congress very little power over state governments. The Constitution provides a list of powers reserved to Congress (post offices, a navy, foreign treaties, etc) and specifies that all other powers - without limit - are reserved to the states. So there are few areas for dispute between Congress and states, as long as neither intrudes on the legitimate issues reserved to the other. States DO have a huge potential power over the feds: States alone can amend the Constitution, and do so without interference by Congress. A Constitutional Convention of states could eliminate the Senate, make the President's term 23 months, or prohibit abortion nationwide. Once STATES vote to do that, feds must obey the revised Constitution without further discussion.
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The U. S. Constitution requires that after a proposed Amendment to the Constitution is approved by at least 2/3 of each House of Congress and is presented to the states for ratification, a minimum of 3/4 of the states must ratify it for it to become part of the Constitution. When the U. S. Archivist reports that he/she has received the minimum number of ratifications required for acceptance of the proposal, it is immediately part of the Constitution with no further action required by Congress, the President or the Supreme Court. Of course a lawsuit may be filed if there is evidence that the ratification was not validly completed as required by the Constitution. The 27th Amendment to the Constitution was accepted by Congress and presented to the states for ratification in September 1789. It was not reported to have been ratified until more than 3/4 of the 50 states had ratified it, the 38th state doing so in May 1992. Since the Union consisted of eleven states at the time Congress approved the proposal, this suggests that the minimum number of states required for ratification continues to increase as the total number of states increases, becoming at least 3/4 of the new total with each new statehood grant.
The South found their entire way of life change, including politically, with government loaded with Republicans, freedman, and carpetbaggers. White Southerners would use any means to block blacks and Republicans from further entering politics which included violence. The federal government sent military troops to the major cities in the South in an attempt to stem the violence.
Radical Republicans expanded their Congressional majority in the elections of 1866.
Federalists supported the acts. Democratic Republicans opposed them.
The three branches of the government, including the two house congress, is laid out in the constitution. The powers of the congress are further detailed in the amendments to the same document.
In a word, antagonistic. Johnson got almost no support from Congress. Indeed, he was impeached by the House, and just one Senator less than 2/3 of the Senators voted to remove him from office. Johnson was from Tennessee and was viewed as a Confederate sympathizer, which to some extent he was. Unlike much of Congress, he did not want to punish the South further for their revolt.
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Unlike previous presidents, he did not think of himself as a servant of Congress, but rather as a servant of the people, charged to maintain and further their best interests. He was not ignorant of the powers of Congress as set up in the Constitution and he made serious and often effective efforts to maintain good relations with Congressmen.
The Constitution cannot be amended if sufficient agreement is not reached. There are two methods of amendment, both requiring defined levels of agreement between the states and the Congress. If agreement is reached, the amendment is adopted. Amendments can also be repealed by the enactment of a further amendment.
Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution outlines the powers granted to each house of Congress. Powers are further presented in various Constitutional amendments.
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The power to create laws, that is legislate is the sole power of Congress as enumerated by the United States Constitution. Congress has further enumerated powers to check and balance the executive and judicial branches of government.
Nope, National government has sovereign power over State government. Wrong. The Constitution gives Congress very little power over state governments. The Constitution provides a list of powers reserved to Congress (post offices, a navy, foreign treaties, etc) and specifies that all other powers - without limit - are reserved to the states. So there are few areas for dispute between Congress and states, as long as neither intrudes on the legitimate issues reserved to the other. States DO have a huge potential power over the feds: States alone can amend the Constitution, and do so without interference by Congress. A Constitutional Convention of states could eliminate the Senate, make the President's term 23 months, or prohibit abortion nationwide. Once STATES vote to do that, feds must obey the revised Constitution without further discussion.
Under Article II of the Constitution, the President is granted the power to deal with foreign affairs: this can be entering and discussing treaties, policy decisions, meetings with foreign heads of state, and executive agreements. However, treaties that the President enters into must be approved by Congress (2/3)--these are called congressional executive agreements, and they can be ex-ante or ex-post. Further, Congress can delegate certain elements of its own powers, such as law-making, if it is deemed to be closely connected with the President's goals of foreign policy.