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It depends on the brass instrument.

Piston and rotary valved instruments, such as trumpets, french horns, euphoniums, tubas, sousaphones, and the sort all have valves which direct the air through a longer or shorter section of tubes. The longer the tubing, the lower the note. The tension of the player's embouchure (how one's lips are set on the mouthpiece) and amount of air being blown also is a determining factor in the pitch. The tighter the embouchure, the higher the note is.

Slide operated instruments, such as trombones and baroque trumpets are essentially the same, only rather than having valves the player lengthens or shortens the amount of tubing on a slide.

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Q: How do brass intruments change there pitch?
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