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At high altitude, organisms are in a lower oxygen environment. This means their hemoglobin (and therefore blood) is less oxygenated and less oxygen is reaching vital organs and tissues. As a result, metabolic rate (which is dependent on oxygen) decreases. Cellular respiration is inhibited and ATP (energy) production is limited. Thus, fermentation rates increase in order to oxidize NADH (to NAD+) to continue glycolysis (glucose catabolism). Fermentation increases amounts of lactic acid which lower the pH of the cells, which further hinders oxygen's ability to bind to hemoglobin (the Bohr shift).

To compensate for these inconveniences, animals at high altitude often have a higher p50: they require less oxygen pressure to load oxygen on to hemoglobin and oxygenate their blood. By doing this, they increase their affinity for oxygen to bind. However, this is a long-term adaptation. Short-term adaptations include increasing blood flow, producing more red blood cells, and decreasing blood pH (in order to counteract hyperventilation: breathing deeply to get more oxygen, but detrimentally making blood more basic as a result).

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11y ago
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10y ago

Mountain goats adapt to the mountain side by having hooves designed for gripping surfaces that are not stable. They also have excellent muscles and legs designed for jumping which makes them very balanced on a mountain.

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13y ago

Mountains are high up, so it must be cold. The animals that live up there probably have thick fur to keep them warm, I hope I helped.

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14y ago

They have camouflaged fur, and some such as mountain lions and mountain goats are good climbers. they sleep in cracks and caves in the side of the mountain.

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13y ago

Animals will need to have padded footing or paws and thick fur as mountains can reach up very high.

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9y ago

The animals in the Himalayas have adapted in a few different ways. These animals have thicker fur and need less oxygen.

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9y ago

Animals that have adapted to cold weather, oxygen reduction, and less available food. Usually, these animals are hardier, stronger, and healthier.

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13y ago

Shoes.

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Q: How do survive animals on mountain?
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