Connect an oscilloscope and check the screen for a smooth constant ripple pattern at high revolution and low revolution.
Measure AC voltage with multimeter. It is easiest way to check how big ripple is. There is no way to 'calculate' value.
Ripple, in DC power supplies, is technically unitless. Ripple voltage is specified in Volts/Volt, or a percentage. For example, a 12VDC power supply with 120mV (pk-pk) of ripple voltage is (0.12/12) = 1% ripple voltage.
I think the cause of ripple voltage would be from a bad ground or capacitve voltage.
Ripple voltage is a voltage with an impure wave that isn't stable at all. Usually when you overload an AC to DC converter, it tends to do that.
inside the alternator. check the fusable link at the alternator and at the starter before changing the alternator.
A: Ripple is a residual voltage evident as voltage following the AC input frequency. The ripple magnitude is a function of not enough of both filtering capacitance or overloading the output. Increasing capacitance will reduce the ripple or reducing the loading
Usually with an oscilloscope which shows a graph of the voltage, and then the peak-to-peak ripple voltage can be read off the screen.
The alternator may not be able to keep up to the voltage requirement of the vehicle check voltage output of alternator w/mechanical gauge
You need to check and make sure the alternator is charging. You could have gotten a defective one or if you got a used one it may be bad. Get a digital multimeter and with the vehicle off check the voltage at the battery. Should be 12+ volts with a charged battery. Start the vehicle and check the voltage again, should be 13-14 volts or better. If no voltage increase check the big output terminal (thick red wire usually going to it) at the alternator and see it the alternator is putting out voltage. If no voltage other than battery voltage then the alternator is not working. This is assuming that the alternator has an internal voltage regulator (most now do). Without year/make/model/engine size it's very hard to give you decent direction other that generic help :-) **I am assuming you have tested the battery**
The easiest way to check any alternator in a car is to have the vehicle running and use a VOLT meter to read across that battery terminals. The voltage should be in the range of 13.4 volts to 14.5 volts..no lower, no higher. If either low voltage or high voltage exist, that alternator is probably defective.
V(ripple)= V(rms) / V (DC)
the voltage regulator is built into the alternator, check voltage at battery connections should be 14.5 volts