The only way to help a horse that has been abused in this way is to have a equine farrier and veterinarian prescribe a specific treatment.
That being said, most will recommend a course of farrier trims to slowly bring the hooves back into balance, as they will have long toes and very low if not crushed heels. This may take months or even a year to achieve. While this is going on you'll likely need to keep the horses legs wrapped to provide support to the tendons which will be sore and tight. Daily rub downs with liniment and possibly cold hosing or icing the legs can also help. You may also need to provide a hoof building supplement and depending on the hooves themselves a hoof oil or conditioner.
Nothing really, hot shoeing is the old method. Its easier to cold shoe and doesn't make much differnce.
clench
shoeing horses usually and all kinds metal repair
you should ask your farrier or veterinarian.
just plain old nails!
Hot Shoeing : The tradition of hot shoeing was borne out of necessity. When hand making horse shoes prior to the machine made shoe era, the hand tools were not as refined as they are today, the old style hoof cutters were difficult to use as they only had one cutting edge which was very narrow, the rasps were also narrow so achieving a flat hoof surface was difficult, thus while hand making the shoe which was still hot from the forge, it was a better option to simply burn it on to get a perfectly married fit to the hoof. Cold Shoeing : Fitting a horseshoe without heating it in a forge and shaping it exactly to the foot. Source : Random. A more precise answer will be provided soon.
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Horseshoeing with the aid of a forge. May involve fabricating the horseshoes from barstock and/or hot setting.
Clinch block is a farrier tool used for blocking and seating nails during the shoeing process
No
A rasp to smooth the nails down and rasp any rough parts of the hoof.
A bernacle is an obsolete term for a barnacle, an instrument similar to a pair of pincers to fix on the nose of a vicious horse while shoeing.