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In terms of absolute magnitude, a larger hotter star will necessarily be more luminous than a smaller cooler star. However, if a smaller cooler star is much closer to us than a larger hotter star, it may appear to be brighter. None of this has anything to do with the HR diagram.

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13y ago
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14y ago

They genneraly don't. The only case where that could happen would be if the cooler star where much much closer than the hotter star.

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8y ago

The way it is usually shown, brighter stars are higher up in the diagram.

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Q: How does the HR diagram explain why some smaller cooler stars are brighter than larger hotter stars?
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