The larger the biggest lens or mirror in a telescope, called the primary, the more resolution and light gathering ability your telescope will have. Those are the two primary factors in determining how powerful a telescope is. Magnification is not a good indicator of usefulness, just so you know. A 60mm (2.4') telescope at 450X is totally useless. A 6 " telescope at 96X is much more usable. As far as being able to see stars, they are for the most part boring, except for multiple star systems with interesting color variations. The best star views would be of the clusters of stars out there. There are many. You can come across many in a night just by looking around. To get at least a half decent view of the stars in the sky, I would recommend a 6" Newtonian Reflector or bigger scope. Stepping down, if that is not in the budget, several companies make half decent 4½" Newtonian Reflectors. Down from that is the 80mm, 3.1 inch refractor. The eyepieces on the last two are usually horrible, so plan to spend another $40 to acquire a decent 9mm or 12.5mm Plossl eyepiece.
I am not quite sure what you are asking. But the better the quality of the eyepiece, the better the view you will get. A $500 Televise eyepiece will give much better images than a $50 eyepiece. I use a 31mm Televise Nagler and that is a big heavy eyepiece, but the views are excellent.
There is a concave main mirror at the low end of the telescope that focusses the image at a point above it. But before the rays arrive at the focus, they are reflected by a flat mirror set at 45-degrees so that the image is formed outside the side of the telescope, which is where the eyepiece is put.
Telescopes just refract. This is not completely true. If we look at the HST (Hubble Space Telescope) this is a telescope that uses reflection rather than refraction. Basically light enter the telescope and reflects of one concave mirror onto another concave mirror leading to a focal point where you can see an image. (look on google images "Hubbell's optics" and a little bit down there is a double diagram with a white background.")
The aperture of the main lens or mirror, which also determines the light gathering power ------------------------- True but the quality of the mirrors or lenses (how near they are to a perfect shape for the design of telescope) determines the sharpness of the image.
Yes, telescopes in space, like the Hubble Space Telescope, produce the clearest images because images from ground-based telescopes get distorted when the light passes through the atmosphere.
adaptive optics
There is a concave main mirror at the low end of the telescope that focusses the image at a point above it. But before the rays arrive at the focus, they are reflected by a flat mirror set at 45-degrees so that the image is formed outside the side of the telescope, which is where the eyepiece is put.
Telescopes just refract. This is not completely true. If we look at the HST (Hubble Space Telescope) this is a telescope that uses reflection rather than refraction. Basically light enter the telescope and reflects of one concave mirror onto another concave mirror leading to a focal point where you can see an image. (look on google images "Hubbell's optics" and a little bit down there is a double diagram with a white background.")
The Hubble Space Telescope doesn't get affected by the Earth's Atmosphere. It also has the advantage of being in space so the quality and variety of images are a lot greater then any optical telescopes on Earth.
The (GMT) Giant Magellan Telescope .
a refracting telescope
a refracting telescope
The aperture of the main lens or mirror, which also determines the light gathering power ------------------------- True but the quality of the mirrors or lenses (how near they are to a perfect shape for the design of telescope) determines the sharpness of the image.
The detail in the images that they produce improves as the distance between the telescope increases.
X-ray telescope
a telescope
space probe
Yes, telescopes in space, like the Hubble Space Telescope, produce the clearest images because images from ground-based telescopes get distorted when the light passes through the atmosphere.